Natural Orifice Extraction
Natural Orifice Extraction - Related Videos
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Here, we present a protocol to successfully perform single-surgeon, three-port, laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer with natural orifice specimen extraction.
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Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience, such as differences...
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Natural Selection - Student Protocol
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Simulating Natural Selection ExpandTo begin, cut the white, black, and gray pipe cleaners into quarters, which should produce a total of 100 pieces that are 3 inches long. Then, cut the green pipe cleaners in the quantities and lengths specified in the video, taking care to minimize waste. This approximates a normal distribution of lengths and should result in an additional 100 pieces total. NOTE: One 12-inch pipe cleaner should yield multiple lengths, for example, a 5-inch piece and a 7-inch...
FAQs
A protective retrieval bag contains the resected specimen during movement toward the natural orifice. This helps clinicians control tissue handling and maintain a deliberate extraction path rather than allowing direct, uncontrolled contact with surrounding tissues. Its use is therefore part of the technique’s safety-focused workflow, particularly when visualization and precise guidance are required throughout removal.
Visualization allows clinicians to guide the bag and specimen while observing the operative field. This supports controlled movement through the selected route and helps limit unintentional tissue handling. Because Natural Orifice Extraction depends on navigating an existing body opening without enlarging the abdominal incision, maintaining visual control is an important technical principle of the approach.
The main distinction is how the specimen leaves the body. Instead of extending an abdominal incision for removal, the technique uses an existing body opening after resection. Avoiding a larger abdominal opening may reduce postoperative pain, wound complications, and visible scarring, although the approach still requires specialized technical expertise and appropriate case selection.
Natural Orifice Extraction is intended for selected cases rather than every operation. Clinicians must determine whether the planned procedure, specimen removal, and available natural orifice are compatible with controlled extraction. Careful selection helps balance the potential advantages of fewer or smaller abdominal incisions against the technical demands of protecting the specimen and handling tissues precisely.
After the specimen has been resected during laparoscopic surgery, clinicians place it in a retrieval bag, maintain visualization, and guide the contained specimen through an appropriate natural orifice. These controls create a coordinated workflow in which extraction is separated from uncontrolled tissue manipulation. Technical expertise remains essential because each step must preserve deliberate handling and route guidance.
The approach has been used in selected colorectal and gynecologic procedures, as well as other operations in which the specimen can be removed through an appropriate natural orifice. Its application depends on the individual case and the clinician’s ability to maintain visualization and controlled tissue handling. It therefore serves as a technique within minimally invasive surgery rather than a universal replacement for other extraction routes.
By reducing the number and size of abdominal incisions, the approach may lessen postoperative pain, wound complications, and visible scarring. These are potential benefits rather than guaranteed outcomes, because results depend on appropriate patient selection and technically controlled extraction. In medicine, the method is therefore relevant as a way to pursue less invasive specimen removal while preserving operative control.