Electrical Models
Electrical Models - Related Videos
08:24
A Murine Model of Muscle Training by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
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Cited by 18 •
2012
A murine model of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), a safe and inexpensive clinical modality, to the anterior compartment muscles is described. This model has the advantage of modifying a readily available clinical device for the purpose of eliciting targeted and specific muscle contractions in mice.
06:50
Electric Potential
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2023
Source: Yong P. Chen, PhD, Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN Electric potential, also known as "voltage", measures the electric potential energy per unit charge. Electric field is a scalar quantity and is fundamental to many electrical effects. Like potential energy, what is physically meaningful is the difference in the electric potential. For example, the spatial variation in the electric potential is related to the electric...
04:53
Electrical Safety
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2023
Robert M. Rioux & Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Among the many hazards present in the laboratory, electrical hazards are one of the most common we must be cognizant of since most of the laboratory equipment we use requires electricity for operation. Improper handling or operation of electrical devices might lead to electric shock with the potential risk of injury or even death. Electric sparks can lead to fire or explosion (since many flammable...
10:23
Electric Fields
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2023
Source: Yong P. Chen, PhD, Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN An electric field is generated by a charged object (referred to as the source charge) in the space around it, and represents the ability to exert electric force on another charged object (referred to as the test charge). Represented by a vector at any given point in the space, the electric field is the electrical force per unit test charge placed at that point (the force...
04:46
Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro
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Cited by 2 •
2011
Gene transfection by electroporation is improved approximately two times when orientation of electric field is changed during pulse application, while cell viability is not affected. The increase in gene transfection is caused by the increase of the membrane area which is made competent for DNA entry into the cell.
FAQs
Ohm’s law links voltage, current, and resistance so a model can calculate how an electrical circuit responds under defined conditions. Assigning this relationship to resistor behavior allows researchers to determine measurable quantities from known values and evaluate whether a proposed circuit should produce the expected response before constructing the physical system.
Kirchhoff’s laws provide system-level constraints that connect the behavior of individual components throughout a circuit. By applying these laws together with component relationships, an electrical model can account for how voltage and current behave across interconnected parts. This supports consistent calculations for complete circuits rather than analyzing each component in isolation.
Each component is represented through relationships involving electrical variables such as voltage, current, charge, or energy. Resistors, capacitors, inductors, and sources therefore contribute different modeled behaviors to the overall system. Choosing appropriate representations affects calculated responses, helping analysis distinguish circuit behavior that changes over time from behavior maintained under steady conditions.
The distinction separates circuit responses that evolve after conditions change from responses that persist once the system reaches a stable operating condition. Modeling both regimes helps researchers examine how a circuit reacts over time and what behavior it ultimately maintains. This is important when evaluating designs, interpreting measurements, or identifying unexpected operation.
A typical workflow begins by representing physical components with mathematical relationships, then applying Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff’s laws to connect those relationships across the circuit. Researchers calculate the expected voltage, current, charge, or energy behavior and can use simulation to examine predictions before construction. The results guide design choices and later fault evaluation.
These models are useful when researchers need to predict or evaluate circuit behavior before hardware exists, investigate faults, or compare design choices. Their applications include sensors, power supplies, communication systems, and control systems. In physics, they also provide a structured way to relate component properties to measurable electrical responses and system performance.