Medical Ultrasound
Medical Ultrasound - Related Videos
08:21
Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications
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Cited by 4 •
2014
Optical detection of ultrasound is impractical in many imaging scenarios because it often requires stable environmental conditions. We demonstrate an optical technique for ultrasound sensing in volatile environments with miniaturization and sensitivity levels appropriate for optoacoustic imaging in restrictive scenarios, e.g. intravascular applications.
05:54
MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
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Cited by 17 •
2017
High-intensity MRI guided focused ultrasound is an emerging noninvasive technique to precisely ablate brain tissue. It has been shown to be safe and effective in treating medically-refractory essential tremor. This article describes the protocol for thalamotomy from patient selection to equipment setup to post-treatment follow-up.
05:50
International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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Cited by 36 •
2020
Pneumothorax is a common emergency and critical disease in newborn infants that needs rapid, clear diagnosis and timely treatment. Diagnosis and treatment based on chest X-rays are associated with delayed management and radiation damage. Lung ultrasound (US) provides useful guidance for rapid, accurate diagnosis and the precise thoracentesis of pneumothorax.
05:53
Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
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2022
Here, we present a protocol on the use of intraoperative ultrasound in spinal surgery, particularly in cases of intradural lesions and lesions in the ventral spinal canal when using a posterior approach.
08:21
Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Review of Ultrasound Parameters for Predicting Difficult Airways
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Cited by 8 •
2023
A point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a simple, non-invasive, and portable tool that enables dynamic airway assessment. Several studies have attempted to determine the role of ultrasound parameters as an adjunct to clinical examination in predicting difficult laryngoscopies.
FAQs
Tissue boundaries return echoes because acoustic impedance changes how much incident sound is reflected. A larger mismatch generally produces a stronger echo, while a smaller mismatch returns less energy to the transducer. The system uses these differences to distinguish adjacent anatomical regions, making impedance contrast central to image formation rather than merely a property of the tissues.
As ultrasound travels through the body, attenuation progressively weakens the sound and the echoes that return from deeper regions. Echo strength therefore reflects both tissue boundaries and energy loss along the path. Recognizing this effect helps explain why image quality can vary with depth and why signal interpretation must account for more than boundary contrast alone.
Doppler analysis uses changes associated with motion in the ultrasound signal to provide information beyond static anatomy. In medical ultrasound, this physics supports assessment of tissue function and is especially relevant to studies of the heart and blood vessels. It extends imaging from locating structures to examining how motion contributes to physiological assessment.
Refraction changes the path of a sound wave when it crosses an interface, so the returning signal may not follow the original direction of travel. Along with reflection, this behavior influences how ultrasound energy reaches structures and returns to the transducer. Understanding both effects is important when relating detected echoes to anatomical position.
The instrument records when each echo returns and how strong it is. Return time supplies information related to the location of the reflecting boundary, while signal strength indicates the prominence of that response. A computer combines these measurements into a visual representation, allowing operators to examine anatomical structures in real time rather than relying on a single detected signal.
Its applications span fetal imaging, cardiac assessment, vascular studies, and guidance for procedures. The appropriate use depends on whether the goal is to visualize anatomy, assess function, examine vascular structures, or support procedural targeting. Because the method provides real-time information without ionizing radiation, it is suited to situations requiring immediate visualization.
It provides a practical setting for studying wave propagation, reflection, refraction, attenuation, and Doppler effects in a living body. Each phenomenon connects a measurable signal to anatomical structure or function: propagation carries pulses, interface behavior creates echoes, attenuation changes signal strength, and Doppler effects add motion-related information. This makes the technique directly relevant to applied physics.