Name: why motion seems different in accelerating frames
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T10:54:29.000Z
Duration: 1 min 27 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Pennsylvania State Academic Standards

9-12

Physical Science

Forces and Interactions

3.2.9-12.J

Non-inertial Frames of Reference

Newton yasalarının geçerli olduğu referans çerçevelerinin eylemsizlik çerçeveleri olarak bilindiğini hatırlayın. Bununla birlikte, Newton yasalarına meydan okuyan, eylemsiz referans çerçeveleri olarak adlandırılan referans çerçeveleri vardır.
Ataletsel olmayan çerçeveler, eylemsiz çerçevelere göre hızlanıyor veya yavaşlıyor.
Örneğin, bir uçak havalandığında, yolcular uçağın ivmesine zıt bir geri kuvvet hissederler. Bu, Newton'un nesnelerin net dış kuvvet yönünde hızlandırıldığı ikinci yasasını ihlal eder.
Eylemsiz çerçevelerde, nesnelerin hareketini açıklamak için fiziksel kökeni olmayan eylemsiz veya hayali kuvvetler gereklidir. Bu nedenle, mekanikte, ataletsel bir çerçeve kullanmak daha uygundur.
İdeal olarak, Dünya'ya sabitlenmiş bir referans çerçevesi, devri ve dönüşü nedeniyle eylemsiz değildir. Bununla birlikte, Dünya'nın dönüşünden kaynaklanan kuvvetler, küçük mekanik hareketlerde ihmal edilebilir düzeydedir, ancak rüzgar modelleri gibi büyük ölçekli hareketleri etkiler.
Bu çerçevedeki hayali kuvvet, rüzgarı kuzey yarımkürede saat yönünde ve güney yarımkürede saat yönünün tersine saptırır.

Herhangi bir çıkar çatışması beyan edilmedi.

eylemli referans Çerçeveleri

Referans çerçevesi, bir atalet çerçevesine göre ivme kazanan veya yavaşlayan bir çerçevedir. Bunun anlaşılmasına yardımcı olmak için uçağın kalkışını düşünün, bir arabadaki dönüşü, bir çocuklu atlıkarıncada binmeyi ve tropikal bir siklonun dairesel hareketini. Tüm bu sistemler Dünya'ya göre ivme kazanıyor, yavaşlıyor veya dönüyor; dolayısıyla, hepsi atalet kuvvetleri sergiler. Bu kuvvetler sadece hareketten kaynaklandığı gibi görünür, çünkü gözlemcinin referans çerçevesi ivmelendiriliyor veya dönüyor. Bu farklı bakış açılarını incelerken birleştirebiliriz. Bir fizikçi, analiz edilen durum için en uygun referans çerçevesini seçer. Fizikçiler atıl kuvvetleri ve Newton'un ikinci yasasını probleme uygunsa kullanmada sorun yaşamazlar. Benzer şekilde, yardımcı olduğunda hızlanan bir referans çerçevesi kullanılır. Farklı referans çerçeveleri düşünülmelidir, örneğin, ışık hızına yakın hızlarda seyahat eden bir uzay gemisindeki bir astronotun hareketi tartışıldığında, bu özel görelilik kuramına uygulanır.

Dünya, dönmesinden kaynaklanan herhangi bir etkiden çok az veya hiç endişe duyulmadan bir atalet çerçevesi olarak kullanılabilir. Bununla birlikte, böyle etkiler var, örneğin, hava sistemlerinin dönmesi. Kuzey Kutbu'ndan yukarıdan bakıldığında, Dünya saat yönünün tersine döner ve Dünya'nın Kuzey Yarıküresi'ndeki herhangi bir hareket sağa doğru bir Coriolis kuvveti deneyimler. Tersi Güney Yarıküre'de meydana gelir, burada kuvvet soldadır. Dünya'nın açısal hızının küçük olması nedeniyle, Coriolis kuvveti genellikle ihmal edilebilir, ancak büyük ölçekli hareketlerde, örneğin rüzgar desenlerinde önemli etkileri vardır. Coriolis kuvveti, Kuzey Yarıküresi'ndeki kasırgaların saat yönünün tersine dönmesine, Güney Yarıküresi'nde ise tropikal siklonların saat yönünde dönmesine neden olur.

Tropikal siklonların dönmesi ve bir atlıkarıncadaki bir topun yolu aynı şekilde atalet ve sistem altındaki dönmeyle açıklanabilir. Atalet oluşturan kuvvetler, örneğin Coriolis kuvveti, eğri yolun açıklanması için uydurulmalıdır. Bu atalet kuvvetleri için belirli bir fiziksel kaynak yoktur. Atalet çerçeveleri kullanıldığında, atalet yolunu açıklar ve her kuvvetin belirli bir kaynağı vardır. Doğayı tanımlamak için her iki bakış açısını da kullanabiliriz, ancak atalet çerçevesindeki bakış açısı daha basittir, çünkü tüm kuvvetlerin kökeni ve açıklaması vardır.

Bu metin şu kaynaktan uyarlanmıştır:<a href="https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-1/pages/5-6-common-forces">Openstax, University Physics Volume 1, Section 5.6: Common Forces</a> Ve <a href="https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-1/pages/6-3-centripetal-force">Section 6.3: Centripetal Force.</a>

Eylemli Referans Çerçeveleri

Eylemsiz bir çerçeveye göre hızlanan veya yavaşlayan bir referans çerçevesi, eylemsiz bir çerçevedir. Bunu anlamaya yardımcı olmak için, ne zaman kalktığını düşünün ...

Education

JoVE Core

Physics

Fizik

Unit 1

Ünite 1

Newton's Laws of Motion

Newton'un Hareket Yasaları

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

why motion seems different in accelerating frames

A non-inertial frame of reference is a frame that accelerates, decelerates, or rotates relative to an inertial frame. In these frames, motion can look unusual because the observer is moving with the system. That is why an airplane taking off, a car turning a corner, a merry-go-round, and a tropical cyclone can all be examples of non-inertial motion.

These situations can show inertial forces, which seem to appear because the frame itself is accelerating or rotating. The force does not come from a physical source in the usual sense. Instead, it is tied to the observer’s frame of reference.

Physicists choose the reference frame that is most useful for the problem being studied. They can use inertial frames and apply Newton’s second law in the usual way. They can also use non-inertial frames when that makes the description easier.

Different frames of reference matter in special cases, such as an astronaut in a spacecraft moving near the speed of light. This is important in the special theory of relativity. In many problems, the Earth is used as an inertial frame because its rotation causes little trouble.

Even so, Earth’s rotation does affect some motions. Viewed from above the North Pole, Earth rotates counterclockwise. Motion in the Northern Hemisphere then experiences a Coriolis force to the right, while the Southern Hemisphere experiences a force to the left.

Because Earth’s angular velocity is small, the Coriolis force is usually negligible. It still has major effects on large-scale motion, such as wind patterns. It helps explain why hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere rotate counterclockwise and why tropical cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere rotate clockwise.

The path of a ball on a merry-go-round and the motion of a tropical cyclone can also be explained by inertia and by the rotation of the system underneath. When a non-inertial frame is used, inertial forces such as the Coriolis force must be added to explain the curved path. When an inertial frame is used, inertia explains the motion, and every force has a clear source. Both views can describe nature, but the inertial frame is usually simpler.

Why Motion Seems Different in Accelerating Frames

why-motion-seems-different-in-accelerating-frames

force

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Newton's First Law and Inertia

Newton's first law of motion explains inertia and how forces change motion. Motion can be striking to observe, from a dolphin jumping from water to a bird in flight or a satellite moving in orbit. The study of motion is kinematics, which describes velocity and acceleration. Dynamics goes further by examining the forces that affect moving objects and systems. Newton's laws of motion are the foundation of dynamics. They are simple in form, but they describe a wide range of natural behavior.

newton's first law: application

Newton's First Law and Friction

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weightlessness

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Scale Readings in Motion and Water

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newton's third law: introduction

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Free-Body Diagrams for Newton’s Laws

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free body diagrams: examples

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non-inertial frames of reference

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key terms and concepts

Explore how accelerating, decelerating, and rotating frames change the way motion looks, from cars and merry-go-rounds to Coriolis force and hurricanes.

Why Motion Seems Different in Accelerating Frames | JoVE K12

physics

JoVE Temel Fizik, kinematik, dinamik, akışkanlar mekaniği, statik, dalgalar ve akustik dahil olmak üzere temel fizik konularının teorisini ve uygulamasını kısa ve anlaşılması kolay animasyonlu videolarla tanıtıyor. Ek olarak, sektör içindeki bilim insanı videoları, dünya çapındaki günümüz laboratuvarlarında gerçekleştirilen klasik ve orijinal araştırma deneylerinde ilgili kavramların uygulanmasını göstermektedir.

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

motion-and-stability-forces-and-interactions

Motion And Stability: Forces And Interactions

HS-PS2-2

HS-PS2-3

ohios-learning-standards-and-model-curriculum

Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

Forces And Motion

Motion

Tennessee Academic Standards

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

PHYS.PS2.14

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

PS.8

PS.8.b

PH.3

PH.3.a

Next Generation Science Standards

Florida Department of Education

SC.912.P.12

SC.912.P.12.3

SC.912.P.12.8

SC.912.P.12.9

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

PHYS.5

PHYS.5.C

new-york-state-science-learning-standards

New York State Science Learning Standards

HS. Forces and Interactions

HS-PS2-1.

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Second Law: Motion under Same Force

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Second Law: Motion under Same Acceleration

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3.2.9-12.I

Inertial Frames of Reference

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3.2.9-12.K

Gravitation

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Newton's Law of Gravitation

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Electric Charges

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Sources and Properties of Electric Charge

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Coulomb's Law

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Electromagnetic Fields

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Students who demonstrate understanding can use mathematical representations of Newton's Law of Gravitation and Coulomb's Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between objects. Clarifying Statement: Emphasis is on both quantitative and conceptual descriptions of gravitational and electric fields. Assessment Boundry: Assessment is limited to systems with two objects.

3.2.9-12.L

Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions

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Batteries and Fuel Cells

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3.2.9-12.M

Why Motion Seems Different in Accelerating Frames

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