Name: weightlessness and einstein’s equivalence
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T11:07:46.000Z
Duration: 1 min 18 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

Physics

PH.9

PH.9.c

Principle of Equivalence

Dünya'nın yörüngesinde dönen bir uzay mekiği, Dünya'nın yerçekimi kuvvetine bağlı olarak serbest düşüş hareketindedir. Bununla birlikte, uzay mekiğinin içindeki bir astronot, sanki üzerine hiçbir kuvvet etki etmiyormuş gibi ağırlıksızlık hisseder.
Uzay mekiğinin 9.8 m/s2'de yukarı doğru hızlandığını varsayalım; uzay mekiği odasının zemini yüzen astronota doğru hareket edecektir. Ancak astronota, 9.8 m/s2'de uzay mekiği tabanına doğru aşağı doğru hızlanıyormuş gibi görünür.
Ona göre, ivme, uzay mekiğinde, Dünya yüzeyindeki yerçekimine benzer bir çekme yaratır. Kapalı uzay mekiği odasının içinde oturan astronot, Dünya'da mı yoksa uzayda mı hızlandığını ayırt edemez.
Bu nedenle Einstein, düzgün bir yerçekimi alanı ile yerçekimi yokluğunda düzgün bir ivme arasında hiçbir fark olmadığını belirtti. Bu, Eşdeğerlik İlkesi olarak bilinir.
Yerçekiminin iki kütle arasındaki bir kuvvet olmadığı, madde ve uzayın etkileşiminden ortaya çıktığı sonucuna vardı.

eşdeğerlik İlkesi

Albert Einstein'a (1897-1955) göre, serbest düşme ve yüksüz hissetme içsel olarak bağlıdır. Örneğin bir kişi yerçekimi altında serbest düşse, uçaktan düşerek dünyaya doğru dalıyor olsa tamamen yüksüz hissederdi. Benzer şekilde, bir asansörde inen bir kişi kısmen yüksüz hissedebilir. Genel olarak, yerçekimi alanında bulunan bir cisim ve yerçekimsiz ortamda sabit ivmeyle hareket eden bir cisim aynı deneysel koşullar altında olduğu varsayılır (yani hiçbir deney bu iki senaryo arasında ayrım yapamaz). Bu duruma eşdeğerlik ilkesi denir.

Bu ilke, Newton'un yerçekimi yasasının temel bir varsayımını ele almaktadır: İki cisim arasındaki yerçekimi çekim kuvvetini belirleyen kütlelerin, Newton'un hareket yasalarına göre tepkilerini belirleyen aynı kütleler olduğu varsayılır. Ancak, bu iki kütle, uygulamada farklı olabilir. Onları aynı kabul etmenin ve Newton'un yerçekimi yasasını Newton'un hareket yasalarıyla birleştirmenin sonuçları, deneylerle uyumludur. Yani, bu varsayım deneysel olarak geçerlidir. Bununla birlikte, bu sonucun nedeni anlaşılmamaktadır.

Eşdeğerlik ilkesine göre bunun bir tesadüf olmadığı belirtilmektedir. Temelde, düzgün ivme hareketi ve yerçekimi aynıdır.

Düzgün ivmeyi yerçekimiyle ilişkilendirerek, Einstein, yerçekiminin iki cisim arasındaki bir kuvvet olmadığını öne sürdü. Bunun yerine, yerçekimi, iki cismin etrafındaki uzay-zaman üzerindeki bir etkidir ve bu da onların dinamiklerini belirler. Bu fikirleri 1915 yılında genel görelilik teorisinde matematiksel hale getirdi.

Bu metin, <a href="https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-1/pages/13-7-einsteins-theory-of-gravity">Openstax, University Physics Volume 1, Section 13.7: Einstein'ın Yerçekimi Kuramı'ndan uyarlanmıştır.</a>

Eşdeğerlik İlkesi

Albert Einstein'a (1897-1955) göre, serbest düşme ve ağırlıksız hissetme özünde bağlantılıdır. Bir kişi yerçekimi altında serbest düşüşte olsaydı, çünkü ...

Education

JoVE Core

Fizik

Unit 1

Ünite 1

Gravitation

Kütleçekimi

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

weightlessness and einstein’s equivalence

Weightlessness and Einstein’s equivalence principle are closely connected in gravity. A person in free fall under gravity, such as someone diving toward Earth from an airplane, would feel completely weightless. A person descending in a lift may feel partially weightless.

The principle of equivalence says that an object in a uniform gravitational field and an object accelerating at a constant rate with no gravity are under the same experimental conditions. In other words, no experiment can tell the two situations apart. This idea links gravity with uniform acceleration.

The principle also addresses a key assumption in Newton’s law of gravitation. It assumes that the mass that creates gravitational attraction is the same as the mass that responds to force in Newton’s laws of motion. These are sometimes called gravitational mass and inertial mass. They can be different in practice, but the results from combining Newton’s law of gravitation with Newton’s laws of motion still match experiments.

Einstein argued that this agreement is not a coincidence. He proposed that gravitation is not simply a force between two objects. Instead, it is an effect of those objects on the space-time around them, which then shapes their motion. He turned these ideas into mathematics in his general theory of relativity in 1915.

Weightlessness and Einstein’s Equivalence

gravitation

Newton’s Law Behind Planet Motion

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gravitation between spherically symmetric masses

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acceleration due to gravity on other planets

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escape velocity

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kepler's first law of planetary motion

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kepler's second law of planetary motion

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principle of equivalence

Weightlessness and Einstein’s equivalence principle are closely connected in gravity. A person in free fall under gravity, such as someone diving toward Earth from an airplane, would feel completely weightless. A person descending in a lift may feel partially weightless. The principle of equivalence says that an object in a uniform gravitational field and an object accelerating at a constant rate with no gravity are under the same experimental conditions. In other words, no experiment can tell...

space-time curvature and the general theory of relativity

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key terms and concepts

Learn how free fall, weightlessness, and constant acceleration connect in Einstein’s equivalence principle and why it led to general relativity.

Weightlessness and Einstein’s Equivalence | JoVE K12

physics

JoVE Temel Fizik, kinematik, dinamik, akışkanlar mekaniği, statik, dalgalar ve akustik dahil olmak üzere temel fizik konularının teorisini ve uygulamasını kısa ve anlaşılması kolay animasyonlu videolarla tanıtıyor. Ek olarak, sektör içindeki bilim insanı videoları, dünya çapındaki günümüz laboratuvarlarında gerçekleştirilen klasik ve orijinal araştırma deneylerinde ilgili kavramların uygulanmasını göstermektedir.

Alabama Course of Study Science

9-12

Earth and Space Science

Earth's Place in the Universe

9-12.ESS.1.3

Florida Department of Education

High School

SC.912.E.5

SC.912.E.5.5

SC.912.E.5.10

Georgia Standards of Excellence

Astronomy

SAST4

SAST4.1

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PH.9.a

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PH.9.b

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Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

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Nuclear Fission

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PH.9.d

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physical-and-chemical-properties-of-matter

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

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Physical Properties of Matter

A physical property is ...

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PH.9.e

The student will investigate and understand that extremely large and extremely small quantities are not necessarily described by the same laws as those studied in Newtonian physics. Topics, such as these listed, may be included.

Weightlessness and Einstein’s Equivalence

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