Name: sluice gate water pressure and reaction force
Uploaded: 2025-02-13T15:43:22.000Z
Duration: 1 min 11 s
Channel: JoVE

Savak kapısı, bir kanaldaki su akışını kontrol eden dikey bir bariyerdir.
Bir savak kapısına etki eden kuvvetleri hesaplamak için, kapının altından akan suyu düşünün.
Kuvvetler, yukarı ve aşağı su derinliklerine bağlıdır.
Yukarı akış tarafında derinlik z1 ve aşağı akış tarafında derinlik z2'dir.
İki taraf arasındaki basınç farkı, kapı üzerinde net bir kuvvet oluşturur.
Bernoulli prensibi kullanılarak, kapının altındaki suyun hızı, V2, basınç farkına ve yükseklik düşüşüne dayalı olarak hesaplanabilir.
Kapı üzerindeki reaksiyon kuvveti, her iki taraftaki su sütunu nedeniyle etki eden hidrostatik kuvvetten hesaplanır.
Daha büyük basınç farkı nedeniyle kapı kapatıldığında kuvvet daha büyüktür.
Kapı açıldığında, su kapının altından serbestçe akarken reaksiyon kuvveti azalır ve net hidrostatik basınç farkı azalır.
Bu ilke, çalışma sırasında kapıyı yerinde tutmak için gereken ankraj kuvvetinin belirlenmesine izin verir.

tasarım Örneği: su kapısındaki kuvvetler

Design Example: Forces in Sluice Gate

Hidrolik mühendisliğinde, su kapıları kanallar, rezervuarlar ve sulama sistemleri boyunca su akışını yönetmek için olmazsa olmazdır. Dikey bariyer görevi gören su kapıları, kapının açılış yüksekliğini ayarlayarak suyu düzenler ve bu da kapının altından akan suyun hızını ve basıncını değiştirir. İlgili kuvvetleri anlamak, özellikle kapı kapalı veya kısmen açık olduğunda dinamik basınç farklılıklarına dayanabilen su kapıları tasarlamak için çok önemlidir.

 Su kapısı kuvvetlerini analiz etmedeki temel değişkenler arasında yukarı akış derinliği z_1​ ve aşağı akış derinliği z_2​ bulunur. Kapı kapalıyken, su derinliği yukarı akış tarafında daha fazladır ve kapı boyunca önemli bir basınç farkı yaratır. Bu basınç farkı, kapıyı güvenli bir şekilde yerinde tutmak için bir ankraj sistemi gerektiren net bir kuvvet üretir. Yukarı akış tarafına uygulanan hidrostatik basınç, su derinliği ve yerçekimi kuvvetiyle orantılıdır, aşağı akış basıncı ise z_2​'ye bağlıdır. Kapı boyunca oluşan basınç gradyanı, aşağı akış tarafına doğru iten net bir kuvvet yaratır.

 Su yolu kapısı kısmen açık olduğunda, su altından akar ve Bernoulli ilkesi, aşağı akış hızını, V_2​ belirlemek için kullanılabilir.

<img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/18056/18056_Equation_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 90px;">

 Akış yukarısı ve aşağı akış derinlikleri verildiğinde, ilke, su yüksekliğindeki farklılıklardan kaynaklanan basınçtaki değişimi ilişkilendirir ve V_2'nin yükseklik farklılıklarına ve basınç gradyanlarına göre hesaplanmasına olanak tanır. Bu akış, birikme yerine harekete izin vererek kapıya uygulanan basıncı azaltır ve su serbestçe akarken net kuvveti azaltır.

 Su yolu kapısı üzerindeki toplam tepki kuvveti, esas olarak, kapı tamamen kapalıyken en yüksek seviyede olan yukarı akış su sütunundan gelen hidrostatik kuvvetten etkilenir. Kapı açılıp altından su aktığında, basınç farkındaki azalma tepki kuvvetini düşürür.

<img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/18056/18056_Equation_2.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 90px;">

Tasarım Örneği: Su Kapısındaki Kuvvetler

Savak kapısı, bir kanaldaki su akışını kontrol eden dikey bir bariyerdir.
Bir savak kapısına etki eden kuvvetleri hesaplamak için, altından akan suyu düşünün ...

Education

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

İnşaat Mühendisliği

Unit 1

Ünite 1

Finite Control Volume Analysis

Sonlu Kontrol Hacmi Analizi

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

sluice gate water pressure and reaction force

Sluice gates control water flow in channels, reservoirs, and irrigation systems. They work as vertical barriers with an opening that can be raised or lowered. Changing the opening height changes the water velocity and pressure below the gate.

The forces on a sluice gate depend on the water depths upstream and downstream, written as z1 and z2. When the gate is closed, the upstream water depth is greater. That creates a strong pressure difference across the gate and a net force toward the downstream side. In that case, the gate needs an anchoring system to keep it secure.

The pressure on the upstream side is hydrostatic pressure, which depends on water depth and gravity. The downstream pressure depends on z2. Together, these pressures create the pressure gradient that pushes on the gate.

When the sluice gate is partially open, water flows beneath it. Bernoulli's principle can then be used to find the downstream velocity, V2, from the upstream and downstream depths. As the water moves through the opening instead of building up, the pressure difference becomes smaller and the reaction force on the gate decreases. The total reaction force is therefore highest when the gate is fully closed and lower as the gate opens.

Sluice Gate Water Pressure and Reaction Force

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conservation of mass in moving, nondeforming control volume

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Stormwater Detention Basin Mass Balance

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linear momentum in control volume

Momentum Balance for Fluid Control Volumes

Linear momentum balance for a fluid control volume links Newton’s second law to moving fluid. The law says that the rate of change of linear momentum equals the sum of the external forces acting on the system. In a fluid system, this idea helps explain how motion and force are related. A control volume can match the fluid system at a specific moment. When that happens, the forces on the control volume and the system are the same. Reynolds transport theorem explains this connection by splitting...

application of the linear momentum equation

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Forces in a 180° Pipe Bend

Forces in a 180-degree pipe bend can be found by applying the linear momentum equation to flowing water. The pipe has a constant cross-sectional area of 0.01 square meters, and the water moves at 15 meters per second. The pressure at the inlet is 0.2 megapascals, and the pressure at the outlet is 0.16 megapascals. The goal is to find the force components in the x and y directions that hold the bend in place. In this case, the flow is only in the y direction at both the entrance and the exit.

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Wind Turbine Torque and Angular Momentum

The moment-of-momentum equation helps explain how wind turbine blades create torque. Torque is the turning effect of a force around an axis. In rotating systems, this equation links the motion of the wind with the force acting on it. The equation begins with Newton's second law for a fluid particle. That law says the rate of change of linear momentum equals the external force on the particle. To find torque, the position of the particle relative to the rotation axis is combined with that force.

conservation of energy in control volume

Turbine Work from Energy Changes

A turbine can turn fluid energy into shaft work when flow passes through a control volume. The fluid enters the turbine at one point and leaves at another. Under steady-flow conditions, there is no energy buildup inside the control volume, so the stored energy does not change with time. This steady-flow setup makes the energy equation simpler. The turbine is treated as doing mechanical work, and heat transfer is taken as negligible, so Q̇ is approximately zero. The flow at the inlet and outlet...

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Centrifugal pump flow rate can be calculated with the energy equation. In this problem, water moves between two reservoirs at different elevations, and the pump provides the energy needed for the transfer. The pump input is 7500 joules per second, the elevation difference is 10 meters, and the head loss from friction and other resistances is 5 meters. Both reservoirs are open to the atmosphere, so the pressure at the inlet and outlet is the same. That means the pressure terms in the energy...

design example: forces in sluice gate

Sluice gates control water flow in channels, reservoirs, and irrigation systems. They work as vertical barriers with an opening that can be raised or lowered. Changing the opening height changes the water velocity and pressure below the gate. The forces on a sluice gate depend on the water depths upstream and downstream, written as z1 and z2. When the gate is closed, the upstream water depth is greater. That creates a strong pressure difference across the gate and a net force toward the...

key terms and concepts

Learn how upstream and downstream water depths affect pressure, flow speed, and reaction force on a sluice gate when it is closed or partially open.

Sluice Gate Water Pressure and Reaction Force | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

civil engineering

Sluice Gate Water Pressure and Reaction Force

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