Name: pressure drop in oil pipe design
Uploaded: 2025-02-13T15:43:26.000Z
Duration: 1 min 25 s
Channel: JoVE

Bir mühendisin, petrolü bir depolama tankından bir işleme tesisine taşımak için bir boru hattı tasarlaması gerekir.
Yağın viskozitesi, yoğunluğu ve boru hattının yarıçapı göz önüne alındığında amaç, sürtünme ve basınç kaybını en aza indirmek için laminer akışı sağlarken dairesel bir borudan sabit bir yağ akış hızını korumaktır.
Hagen-Poiseuille yasası kullanılarak, boru hattı boyunca gerekli basınç düşüşü, boru uzunluğu, yarıçap, yağ viskozitesi ve istenen akış hızı gibi faktörler dikkate alınarak hesaplanır.
Bu hesaplama, borunun uzunluğu boyunca belirtilen akış hızına ulaşmak için gereken basınç düşüşünü gösterir.
Akışın laminer kalmasını sağlamak için yağın hızına, yoğunluğuna ve viskozitesine bağlı olan Reynolds sayısı kontrol edilir.
2100'ün altındaki bir Reynolds sayısı, laminer akışı doğrular ve Hagen-Poiseuille yasasını uygulanabilir kılar.
Ek olarak, borunun merkezindeki maksimum hız, tasarımın operasyonel gereksinimleri karşıladığını doğrulayarak tahmin edilir.
Bu örnek, akış hızının belirlenmesinde boru yarıçapının önemini vurgulamaktadır, çünkü küçük ayarlamalar bile boru hattı tasarımındaki basınç gereksinimlerini ve akış verimliliğini önemli ölçüde etkileyebilir.

tasarım Örneği: dairesel borulardan petrol akışı

Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes

Akışkan mekaniğinde, özellikle boru hatlarından petrol taşınması gibi uygulamalarda, boru hatlarından akışkan akış davranışını anlamak kritik öneme sahiptir. Hagen-Poiseuille yasası, dairesel bir boru içindeki sabit, sıkıştırılamaz ve laminer akış için Navier-Stokes denklemlerinden türetilen kesin bir çözüm sağlar. Hagen-Poiseuille yasası, boru uzunluğu, yarıçap, petrol viskozitesi ve istenen hacimsel akış hızı gibi parametreleri belirleyerek bir boru hattı kesiti boyunca gerekli basınç düşüşünü belirlemeye yardımcı olur.

Hagen-Poiseuille yasası, laminer koşullar altında dairesel bir boruda belirli bir akış hızını sürdürmek için gereken basınç düşüşünü (ΔP) açıklar. Yasa şu şekilde ifade edilir:

<img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/18066/18066_Equation_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 30px;" />

Burada:

<ol style="list-style-type: circle;">
	<li>μ petrolün dinamik viskozitesidir,</li>
	<li>L boru hattının uzunluğudur</li>
	<li>Q istenen debidir ve</li>
	<li>r borunun iç yarıçapıdır.</li>
</ol>

Bu ilişki, basınç düşüşünü belirlemede boru yarıçapının rolünü vurgular. Yarıçap dördüncü kuvvete yükseltildiği için, borunun çapındaki küçük değişiklikler belirli bir akış hızını korumak için gereken basıncı önemli ölçüde etkileyebilir.

Laminer akışın sağlanması, akışkan hareketinin düzgün (laminer) mi yoksa kaotik (türbülanslı) mi olacağını değerlendiren Reynolds sayısının (Re) hesaplanmasını gerektirir. Reynolds sayısı şu şekilde verilir:

<img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/18066/18066_Equation_2.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 30px;" />

Burada:

<ol style="list-style-type: circle;">
	<li>⍴ yağın yoğunluğudur,</li>
	<li>v yağın ortalama hızıdır,</li>
	<li>D boru çapıdır (yarıçapın iki katı) ve</li>
	<li>μ dinamik viskozitedir.</li>
</ol>

Akış, 2100'ün altındaki Reynolds sayıları için laminer olarak kabul edilir ve bu da Hagen-Poiseuille yasasını uygulanabilir hale getirir. Reynolds sayısı bu eşiği aşarsa, laminer koşulları korumak için akış hızını azaltmak veya boru çapını artırmak gibi ayarlamalar gerekebilir.

Hagen-Poiseuille yasası, su dağıtımı, atık su yönetimi veya petrol taşımacılığında belirli akış gereksinimlerini ve basınç kısıtlamalarını karşılamak için optimum boru boyutlarını belirleyebilir. Doğru boru yarıçapını seçmek, verimli sıvı hareketini sağlar, enerji kaybını en aza indirir ve operasyonel maliyetleri azaltarak altyapı sistemlerinin genel performansını artırır.

Tasarım Örneği: Dairesel Borulardan Petrol Akışı

Bir mühendisin, petrolü bir depolama tankından bir işleme tesisine taşımak için bir boru hattı tasarlaması gerekir.
Yağın viskozitesi, yoğunluğu ve ...

design-example-flow-of-oil-through-circular-pipes

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JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

İnşaat Mühendisliği

Unit 1

Ünite 1

Differential Analysis of Fluid Flow

Akışkan Akışının Diferansiyel Analizi

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

pressure drop in oil pipe design

Pressure drop in oil pipe design depends on pipe size, oil properties, and the flow rate needed through a circular pipe. For steady, incompressible, laminar flow, Hagen-Poiseuille's law gives an exact solution from the Navier-Stokes equations. It is used to find the pressure difference needed to keep oil moving through a pipeline section.

The pressure drop equation uses the oil's dynamic viscosity, the pipeline length, the desired volumetric flow rate, and the pipe's inner radius. This relationship shows why pipe radius matters so much. Because radius is raised to the fourth power, even a small change in diameter can greatly change the pressure needed to maintain the same flow rate.

To know whether Hagen-Poiseuille's law applies, engineers calculate the Reynolds number. The Reynolds number uses the oil's density, mean velocity, pipe diameter, and dynamic viscosity. Flow is considered laminar when Reynolds number is below 2100, which means the motion stays smooth instead of becoming chaotic or turbulent.

If the Reynolds number is too high, the design may need changes. A lower flow rate or a larger pipe diameter can help keep the flow laminar. This method is useful in oil transport and also in systems such as water distribution and wastewater management, where the goal is efficient fluid movement, less energy loss, and lower operating cost.

Pressure Drop in Oil Pipe Design

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Parabolic flow in circular tubes describes the steady, incompressible motion of a viscous fluid through a tube with a constant radius. This Hagen-Poiseuille flow is a classic example of laminar flow. It is often used to study fluid transport in narrow channels, including capillaries. Cylindrical coordinates are used to describe the tube. The radial direction is r, the angular direction is θ, and the axial direction is z. In this flow, the velocity is purely axial. That means the fluid moves...

design example: flow of oil through circular pipes

Pressure drop in oil pipe design depends on pipe size, oil properties, and the flow rate needed through a circular pipe. For steady, incompressible, laminar flow, Hagen-Poiseuille's law gives an exact solution from the Navier-Stokes equations. It is used to find the pressure difference needed to keep oil moving through a pipeline section. The pressure drop equation uses the oil's dynamic viscosity, the pipeline length, the desired volumetric flow rate, and the pipe's inner radius. This...

key terms and concepts

Learn how Hagen-Poiseuille's law and Reynolds number help design oil flow in circular pipes by linking pipe radius, viscosity, pressure drop, and laminar flow.

Pressure Drop in Oil Pipe Design | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

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Pressure Drop in Oil Pipe Design

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