Initiation Propagation Termination
Initiation Propagation Termination - Related Videos
10:29
Photochemical Initiation Of Radical Polymerization Reactions
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2023
Source: David C. Powers, Tamara M. Powers, Texas A&M In this video, we will carry out the photochemically initiated polymerization of styrene to generate polystyrene, which is an important commodity plastic. We will learn the fundamentals of photochemistry and use simple photochemistry to initiate radical polymerization reactions. Specifically, in this module we will examine the photochemistry of benzoyl peroxide and its role as a photo-initiator of styrene polymerization reactions. In the...
01:44
Termination of Translation
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2020
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
08:26
Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
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Cited by 3 •
2020
This study investigated the biomechanical characteristics of the lower extremity kinematic variables between the initial and terminal phase of 5 km treadmill running. The lower-limb kinematic data of 10 runners were collected using a three-dimensional motion capture system on a treadmill at the initial phase (0.5 km) and the terminal phase (5 km), respectively.
02:33
Initiation of Translation
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2020
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs. First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
09:36
The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
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Cited by 27 •
2015
Here we present a protocol that allows one to visualize sites of ice formation and avenues of ice propagation in plants utilizing high resolution infrared thermography (HRIT).
FAQs
Heat, light, or another stimulus supplies the input needed to generate reactive species, including free radicals. The initiating event is therefore the point at which an otherwise nonpropagating system acquires chemical reactivity. Identifying this trigger helps chemists explain when a chain reaction begins and assess how external conditions affect process efficiency and safety.
Propagation sustains the chain because a radical consumed in one reaction step is replaced by a newly formed radical. This repeated exchange allows the reactive character to continue through successive molecular reactions rather than disappearing after one event. Following these changes helps chemists map reaction pathways and understand how products arise during the chain process.
Termination removes reactive species from the chain by converting them into products that no longer continue propagation. Radical combination joins reactive species, whereas disproportionation ends their reactivity through a different termination pathway. Because both processes reduce the population of propagating radicals, they limit continued chain activity and influence the final outcome of the reaction.
The stages differ by their role in the reaction sequence: initiation identifies the source of reactive species, propagation tracks the repeated steps that maintain reactivity, and termination identifies how that reactivity is removed. Separating these roles gives chemists a practical framework for interpreting complex pathways instead of viewing the reaction as a single event.
A useful analysis begins by identifying the stimulus that creates reactive species, then tracing the repeated reactions that generate replacement radicals. The final step is to determine how those species are consumed through termination. This sequence can be applied to combustion, photochemical reactions, and polymerization to clarify pathways, product formation, and reaction behavior.
Tracking the three stages helps chemists connect reaction conditions with practical outcomes. Understanding how a reaction starts, continues, and ends supports efforts to control product formation, improve process efficiency, and enhance safety. The framework is especially relevant to combustion, photochemical reactions, and polymerization, where chain behavior can strongly influence how the overall process proceeds.