Cytokine Priming
Cytokine Priming - Related Videos
06:16
Verbal Priming
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University Human memory seems to work in two broad ways. Like modern computers, the human mind has explicit, or declarative, memory: ask a question, and a person gives the best answer they can. Input a query, and a computer program returns the contents of the relevant parts of its stored memory. Humans also have a second kind of memory system, one not really typical of computers, one that experimental psychologists call implicit. Implicit...
12:58
Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line
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Cited by 2 •
2017
Described here is a method for producing exogenous cytokine in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice via weekly intraperitoneal injection of a cytokine-transduced stromal cell line. This method broadens the utility of PDX and provides the option for transient or sustained exogenous cytokine delivery in a multitude of PDX models.
04:00
A Murine Model of Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis to Study Post-Infectious Uveitis
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2025
This video demonstrates a method to generate a mouse model of primed mycobacterial uveitis (PMU) for studying post-infectious uveitis. Upon induction of PMU by intravitreal injection of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a mouse previously immunized with the same immunogen, the progression of chronic inflammation in the eye is analyzed using imaging and histopathological...
13:54
Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria
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Cited by 2 •
2013
This technique provides a method to harvest, normalize and quantify intracellular growth of bacterial pathogens that are pre-cultivated in natural protozoan host cells prior to infections of mammalian cells. This method can be modified to accommodate a wide variety of host cells for the priming stage as well as target cell types.
02:57
Assessing Antiviral Cytokine Production in Response to Viral Infection
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2026
Source: Zhang, J., et al. Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production. J. Vis. Exp. (2014)This video demonstrates the process of infecting murine fibroblast cells with herpesvirus and monitoring the resulting antiviral cytokine release and gene expression. It outlines key steps, including viral infection, media collection for cytokine quantification, and cell harvesting for gene expression analysis.
FAQs
Cytokine-receptor signaling can activate transcription factors, which then influence gene expression. Priming may also reshape cellular metabolism or antimicrobial functions before the cell encounters a later stimulus. These changes provide several mechanisms for altering response readiness, allowing pathogen recognition to produce immunity that is stronger or faster rather than simply changing one isolated pathway.
The process can change when immunity becomes detectable as well as how strongly it develops. If prior signaling prepares relevant cellular programs, a later stimulus may trigger a more rapid response; if those programs increase response capacity, the resulting activity may also be enhanced. This timing-strength relationship helps investigators connect cytokine signaling with effective defense and inflammatory injury.
These cells are important models because the process is studied in them during infection research. Examining macrophages and neutrophils can connect prior cytokine signaling with later antimicrobial functions, pathogen control, and inflammatory injury. Including other immune cells broadens analysis of how altered responsiveness operates across different host-defense cell types.
An immediate response reflects signaling after the later stimulus, whereas priming adds a preceding cytokine-dependent phase. That earlier phase can activate transcription factors and modify gene expression, metabolism, or antimicrobial functions before pathogen recognition occurs. Comparing these stages helps distinguish effects associated with prior immune conditioning from responses generated only after the pathogen-related stimulus.
A basic design includes exposing immune cells to cytokines, applying a later stimulus, and comparing the resulting response with the response after the later stimulus alone. Researchers can assess changes in gene expression, cellular metabolism, or antimicrobial functions. In infection-focused work, these measurements help relate altered cell behavior to pathogen control or inflammatory injury.
It can help investigators examine how prior immune signaling contributes to host defense, pathogen control, or inflammatory injury. The same framework links cellular changes with the outcome of a later challenge, making it useful for asking whether stronger or faster responses improve control or instead contribute to damaging inflammation. These questions connect cell biology with infection outcomes.
Mechanistic findings from cytokine priming can inform vaccine development by showing how earlier signaling may shape the response to a later immune stimulus. They also support strategies designed to modulate immunity, either by understanding how response strength is increased or by examining links to inflammatory injury. Thus, the process has both protective and regulatory relevance.