Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

The pituitary gland hormones regulate various functions from growth to reproduction.

The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.

Growth hormones control overall growth by regulating production of insulin-like growth factors from liver, bones, and muscles.

It also regulates metabolism by balancing fat and glucose usage for energy generation.

Tropins, also secreted by the anterior lobe, control the secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands.

For example, thyroid-stimulating hormone regulates the hormones of the thyroid gland, while adrenocorticotropic hormone controls cortisol release from the adrenal glands.

The functioning of reproductive organs is controlled by luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones in both sexes.

Lastly, prolactin stimulates breast milk production in lactating mothers.

Although the posterior pituitary lobe does not synthesize hormones, it stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormones synthesized by the hypothalamic neurons.

Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during labor and also aids milk release, while antidiuretic hormone regulates water balance by controlling thirst and kidney function.