6.4
Solid–Solid Solutions
Consider the temperature-composition phase diagram of two mutually insoluble solids, A and B, whose liquids are completely miscible. At lower temperatures, the diagram shows a two-phase mixture of pure A and pure B.
However, at higher temperatures, a single-phase liquid solution of A and B forms.
As the system cools from point a1 to a2, pure solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid in A. Further cooling to point a3, causes additional separation of solid B and further enrichment of the liquid phase in A.
At point a4, the liquid fraction decreases and eventually solidifies, forming a two-phase system of pure A and B, with composition e2.
The isopleth at e2 represents the eutectic composition - a mixture with the lowest melting point.
A liquid of this composition freezes at a single temperature, while the corresponding solid melts at the lowest temperature of any mixture without changing composition.
At the eutectic composition, as the mixture cools and begins to solidify, the temperature remains constant. This region of constant temperature is known as the eutectic halt.
The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A. This separation continues, moving towards point a3. At point a4, there is less liquid than at a3, and this remaining liquid then freezes to form a two-phase system of pure B and A with composition e2. The line at e2 is called an isopleth, representing the eutectic composition. This is the mixture of A and B that has the lowest melting point. A liquid of this composition will freeze at a single temperature, and the corresponding solid will melt at the lowest temperature of any mixture without changing its composition. The phase change from liquid to solid is typically accompanied by a decrease in temperature. However, in an eutectic system, when one component solidifies, the temperature of the remaining liquid remains constant. This region of constant temperature during a phase change is known as an eutectic halt. In summary, this phase diagram represents the behavior of two solids, A and B, under varying conditions of temperature and composition, highlighting the phenomena of eutectic composition and eutectic halt.
Consider the temperature-composition phase diagram of two mutually insoluble solids, A and B, whose liquids are completely miscible. At lower temperatures, the diagram shows a two-phase mixture of pure A and pure B.
However, at higher temperatures, a single-phase liquid solution of A and B forms.
As the system cools from point a1 to a2, pure solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid in A. Further cooling to point a3, causes additional separation of solid B and further enrichment of the liquid phase in A.
At point a4, the liquid fraction decreases and eventually solidifies, forming a two-phase system of pure A and B, with composition e2.
The isopleth at e2 represents the eutectic composition - a mixture with the lowest melting point.
A liquid of this composition freezes at a single temperature, while the corresponding solid melts at the lowest temperature of any mixture without changing composition.
At the eutectic composition, as the mixture cools and begins to solidify, the temperature remains constant. This region of constant temperature is known as the eutectic halt.
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6.4 : Solid–Solid Solutions
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