Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube with two prongs inserted into the nostrils, used when natural breathing is obstructed. It delivers low to medium oxygen levels with a flow rate of 1-6 LPM, providing approximately 24%-44% oxygen concentration depending on the patient's breathing rate and flow setting.

Nasal cannulas offer significant comfort and ease of use, allowing patients to maintain mobility while eating, drinking, and speaking. Their lightweight design and non-restrictive nature make them ideal for patients requiring low to medium oxygen levels who need to maintain normal daily activities.

A simple face mask covers the nose and mouth, delivering higher oxygen concentrations than a nasal cannula. It operates at 5-10 LPM flow rate, providing 40%-60% oxygen. However, masks are less comfortable and restrict eating, drinking, and communication compared to nasal cannulas.

A partial rebreather mask is a face mask with an attached reservoir bag that allows patients to rebreathe approximately one-third of exhaled air mixed with oxygen. Operating at 6-15 LPM, it delivers 70%-90% oxygen concentration, making it suitable for patients requiring high oxygen levels.

Nasal cannulas deliver 24%-44% oxygen at 1-6 LPM. Simple face masks provide 40%-60% oxygen at 5-10 LPM. Partial rebreather masks deliver the highest concentration at 70%-90% oxygen at 6-15 LPM. Selection depends on the patient's oxygen requirements and clinical condition.

Face masks can be uncomfortable and restrict patient mobility for eating, drinking, and communication. They require a tight seal to function effectively and may cause skin irritation or pressure sores with prolonged use, unlike the more comfortable and less restrictive nasal cannula.

Nurses must monitor oxygen saturation levels, ensure proper device fit, and assess for signs of irritation or infection. For nasal cannulas, check nostrils regularly; for masks, verify proper seal and monitor for skin breakdown. Regular patient assessment ensures safe and effective oxygen delivery.