Name: Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry (Video) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2016-05-17T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 54 s
Description: Learn to measure blood pressure in freely moving mice using implantable radiotelemetry devices. This method enables continuous monitoring without restraint artifacts for vascular disease research.

ai_agent_IP

ai_agent

maintenance

instantTrialDurationMinutes

isBiopharma

enableNewMyJoveSectionDesign

educationFeatures

seoMetaApi

ai_copilot_institution_blacklist

ai_chat_institution_blacklist

freeAccessWindow

ssoRoleCapture

scheduledMaintenanceBanner

joveLabsFeatures

disable_autoplay_for_bots

extended_trial_duration

5 minutes

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH/NHLBI) [Grant no. HL114869] and the support from UTHSC to SM.

Ethics statement: All animal procedures mentioned in this video-article were reviewed and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)&#160;at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center.
Note: Use sterile microsurgery instruments throughout the surgical procedure. Surgical instruments may be sterilized utilizing an infrared sterilizer at an optimum sterilizing temperature of 1,500 &#176;F (815.6&#160;&#176;C). Telemeters can be reused, however, before inserting it in the animal make sure to sterilize the entire transmitter according to the manufacturer instructions and that the tip of the catheter has been refilled with a special gel provided by the manufacturer.
1. Experimental Animals
<ol>
	<li>Obtain an IACUC approval for all experiments that will be performed. Consultation with institutional IACUC is highly recommended regarding requirements for post-operative analgesic use after this procedure.</li>
	<li>Keep the animals in climate-controlled rooms having an ambient temperature of 21&#160;&#176;C, 60% relative humidity, and a 12-hr light-dark cycle with free access to food and water. 
	Note: Because the mouse body has to accommodate the telemetry probe (approximatively 1 cm diameter x&#160;2 cm long), it is preferable to use mice that weigh 20 g or more.</li>
</ol>
2. Anesthesia and Operative Preparation
<ol>
	<li>Weigh the mouse using a precision scale and&#160;record its&#160;weight. Make sure to handle the animal gently and quietly.</li>
	<li>Place the animal into the induction chamber and close it. Set oxygen flow rate at 0.5 L/min and set isoflurane concentration at 4 - 5% .</li>
	<li>When the mouse loses consciousness, place it on a body warming plate maintained at 36 - 37 &#176;C. Maintain the anesthesia via nosecone with isoflurane set at 2% (keep flow rate at&#160;0.5 L/min).</li>
	<li>Prepare the operation regions by removing the hair from the back of the neck and the ventral aspect of the neck by applying hair removal cream.</li>
	<li>Treat the incision site with 3 applications of surgical scrub (betadine solution) alternating with 70% isopropyl alcohol.</li>
</ol>
3. Surgery&#160;
<ol>
	<li>Place the mouse in a supine position. Check for reflexes by pinching the foot, and adjust anesthesia&#160;until&#160;there is no response. Make an approximately 1-cm midline incision below the neck of the mouse with a scalpel. In the left side of the cut create a subcutaneous space by carefully separating the skin from the underlying connective tissue.</li>
	<li>Flip the mouse, and use a scalpel to make a skin incision of approximately 1.5 cm in the dorsal left side behind the scapula. Create a subcutaneous pocket along the animal&#39;s flank large enough to accommodate the device. Insert the transmitter into the pocket.</li>
	<li>Insert a small hemostat clamp in the back incision and maneuver it subcutaneously towards the anterior neck opening. Using the inserted-hemostat clamp, gently grasp a non-toxic polyethylene tube (4 cm length x&#160;1 mm I.D.).
	<ol>
		<li>Pull the hemostat back through the tunnel out the lateral incision in the back until the tubing protrudes from both abdominal and dorsal incision, release the tube from the hemostat. From the back, insert the catheter sensor into the tube to tunnel the tip of the pressure sensing catheter through the neck. From the neck anterior, pull and remove the polyethylene tube and close the dorsal incision using metal clips.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Carefully separate the mandibular glands using sterile cotton tip applicators and&#160;retract the left mandibular gland using an elastic stay hook. Using fine-tipped curved forceps, locate the carotid artery along the left side of the trachea.&#160;Keep the surgical site sterile&#160; by placing and securing a sterile drape.
	<ol>
		<li>Carefully isolate the vessel from the surrounding tissue and gently separate the vagus nerve (whitish in color) that is along the carotid artery away from the artery. Be careful not to cut or damage the nerve or the artery.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Pass three pieces of non-absorbable 7-0 suture underneath the isolated carotid artery section. Tie the cranial suture to close off blood flow. Pull the suture that is closest to the sternum to temporarily occlude blood flow from the aorta.</li>
	<li>Make a loose knot using the middle suture.&#160;This will be used to secure the catheter in the vessel. Cut a small incision into the artery between the cranial and the sternal sutures using micro-scissors.</li>
	<li>Grab the catheter with special vessel cannulation forceps, being careful not to squeeze the catheter to prevent gel loss from the probe. Gently, grab the artery with a fine tip curved tweezers forceps, retrieve the catheter, and insert it in the vessel through the small incision.</li>
	<li>Tighten the middle suture node around the artery and gently advance the catheter. Gently release the suture that is proximal to the sternum and continue to advance the catheter towards the transverse aorta.
	<ol>
		<li>Observe the mark on the catheter that gives an approximate index of how far the catheter needs to be inserted. Once the point is reached, gently tighten both the lower and the upper suture around the catheter. The catheter is secured to the carotid artery by suture knots.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Close the skin incision with non-absorbable 5-0 suture. Once closed, seal the incision with tissue adhesive.</li>
</ol>
4. Surgical Recovery and BP Measurements
<ol>
	<li>Monitor animal closely for the return of normal postures and behaviors. During the 24 hr post-surgery period administer analgesia as directed by a staff veterinarian.</li>
	<li>Once the animals have recovered (5 - 7 days post-surgery), house them individually in a regular mouse cage placed on top of the telemetry receiver plate.</li>
	<li>Turn the implanted transmitters &#34;on&#34; and &#34;off&#34; by using a magnetic device briefly positioned close to the animal from the outside of the cage.</li>
</ol>

<ol><li>Danaei, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+preventable+causes+of+death+in+the+United+States%3A+comparative+risk+assessment+of+dietary%2C+lifestyle%2C+and+metabolic+risk+factors%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22PLoS+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">The preventable causes of death in the United States: comparative risk assessment of dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors.</a> PLoS Med. 6 (4), e1000058(2009).</li>
<li>Dornas, W. C., Silva, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Animal+models+for+the+study+of+arterial+hypertension%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Biosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Animal models for the study of arterial hypertension.</a> J Biosci. 36 (4), 731-737 (2011).</li>
<li>Henze, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Persistent+alterations+in+heart+rate+variability%2C+baroreflex+sensitivity%2C+and+anxiety-like+behaviors+during+development+of+heart+failure+in+the+rat%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Am+J+Physiol+Heart+Circ+Physiol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Persistent alterations in heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, and anxiety-like behaviors during development of heart failure in the rat.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 295 (1), H29-H38 (2008).</li>
<li>Hoffmann, D. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Chronic+tempol+prevents+hypertension%2C+proteinuria%2C+and+poor+feto-placental+outcomes+in+BPH%2F5+mouse+model+of+preeclampsia%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Hypertension%22%5BJournal%5D)">Chronic tempol prevents hypertension, proteinuria, and poor feto-placental outcomes in BPH/5 mouse model of preeclampsia.</a> Hypertension. 51 (4), 1058-1065 (2008).</li>
<li>Lerman, L. O., Chade, A. R., Sica, V., Napoli, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Animal+models+of+hypertension%3A+an+overview%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Lab+Clin+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Animal models of hypertension: an overview.</a> J Lab Clin Med. 146 (3), 160-173 (2005).</li>
<li>Johns, C., Gavras, I., Handy, D. E., Salomao, A., Gavras, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Models+of+experimental+hypertension+in+mice%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Hypertension%22%5BJournal%5D)">Models of experimental hypertension in mice.</a> Hypertension. 28 (6), 1064-1069 (1996).</li>
<li>Vatner, S. F., Braunwald, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Cardiovascular+control+mechanisms+in+the+conscious+state%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22N+Engl+J+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Cardiovascular control mechanisms in the conscious state.</a> N Engl J Med. 293 (19), 970-976 (1975).</li>
<li>Zhao, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Arterial+Pressure+Monitoring+in+Mice%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Curr+Protoc+Mouse+Biol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Arterial Pressure Monitoring in Mice.</a> Curr Protoc Mouse Biol. 1, 105-122 (2011).</li>
<li>Whitesall, S. E., Hoff, J. B., Vollmer, A. P., D'Alecy, L. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Comparison+of+simultaneous+measurement+of+mouse+systolic+arterial+blood+pressure+by+radiotelemetry+and+tail-cuff+methods%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Am+J+Physiol+Heart+Circ+Physiol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Comparison of simultaneous measurement of mouse systolic arterial blood pressure by radiotelemetry and tail-cuff methods.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 286 (6), H2408-H2415 (2004).</li>
<li>Kurtz, T. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Recommendations+for+blood+pressure+measurement+in+humans+and+experimental+animals.+Part+2%3A+Blood+pressure+measurement+in+experimental+animals%3A+a+statement+for+professionals+from+the+subcommittee+of+professional+and+public+education+of+the+American+Heart+Association+council+on+high+blood+pressure+research%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Hypertension%22%5BJournal%5D)">Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals. Part 2: Blood pressure measurement in experimental animals: a statement for professionals from the subcommittee of professional and public education of the American Heart Association council on high blood pressure research.</a> Hypertension. 45 (2), 299-310 (2005).</li>
<li>Kurtz, T. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Recommendations+for+blood+pressure+measurement+in+animals%3A+summary+of+an+AHA+scientific+statement+from+the+Council+on+High+Blood+Pressure+Research%2C+Professional+and+Public+Education+Subcommittee%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Arterioscler+Thromb+Vasc+Biol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in animals: summary of an AHA scientific statement from the Council on High Blood Pressure Research, Professional and Public Education Subcommittee.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 25 (3), 478-479 (2005).</li>
</ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Implantable radio-telemetry has improved significantly over the last decade; smaller probe size makes the implant less traumatic for the animal, prolonged battery life helps to reduce the costs, and independent telemeter frequencies eliminate crosstalk between receivers. Telemetry is considered the state-of-the-art method for collecting a wide variety of physiological parameters from freely moving animals without the artifacts associated with the use of restraint, human interaction, or anesthesia that are required by oth...

Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, arguably it is a major public health issue both in developed and developing countries1. Several animal models of experimental hypertension have been developed to mimic hypertensive responses like those observed in humans2. Among others, the ambulatory mouse represents an excellent model to study the genesis and the progression of hypertension allowing in&#160;vivo analysis of the consequences of chronic exposure to hypertension.
Blood pressure (BP) monitoring in mice has helped researchers to unravel several mechanisms involved in the physiology and pathophysiology of diseases such as hypertension and heart failure3,4. Indeed, manipulation of the mouse genome allowed generation of transgenic or gene-targeted models suitable for studying hypertension5,6. However, even gentle manipulation of conscious mice induces excitements that can potentially introduce artifacts during data acquisition, while use of sedation or tranquilizers profoundly affect blood pressure7. These aspects are particularly important and must be taken in consideration when attempting long-term BP monitoring.
There are several ways to record BP in mice, and a comparison between the most common techniques currently available has been discussed elsewhere8,9. However, the AHA recommendations for BP measurement concluded that intra-arterial measurement of BP are generally preferred because of their ability to directly measure BP over an extended period of time10. Radio-telemetry coupled with direct measurement of arterial pressure is the state-of-the-art method for monitoring physiological functions in awake and freely moving laboratory animals while minimizing stress and environmentally-associated artifacts9,11. Radio-telemetry offers the ability to automatically collect blood pressures, heart rate, body temperature and animal activity from multiple conscious animals.
Although this methodology is becoming very popular in many laboratories, radio-telemetry implantation in mice can be technically challenging. Here we show a step-by-step protocol that illustrates how to implant a pressure transducer in mice. The technique involves subcutaneous insertion of the probe in the mouse body, channel the catheter to the neck and forward near the aortic arch via the left carotid artery. Remotely captured data are shown live on the computer monitor.&#160;Data are also stored for &#34;off-line&#34; analysis.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Small animal anesthesia system</td><td>Kent Scientific Corp, Torrington, Connecticut, USA</td><td></td><td>low-flow small animal anesthesia system</td></tr><tr><td>Pad warmer and mouse termometer</td><td>Kent Scientific Corp, Torrington, Connecticut, USA</td><td></td><td>allows monitoring body temperature, and homeothermic control in small animals</td></tr><tr><td>Binocular Microscope</td><td>Kent Scientific Corp, Torrington, Connecticut, USA</td><td>KSCXTS-1121</td><td>binocular body with boom stand pole and top LED</td></tr><tr><td>Hemostat Forceps</td><td>Kent Scientific Corp, Torrington, Connecticut, USA</td><td>INS750451</td><td>used to clamp blood vessels or tag sutures</td></tr><tr><td>Small metal Clips, 7 mm, Stainless Steel</td><td>Kent Scientific Corp, Torrington, Connecticut, USA</td><td>INS750344</td><td>used for skin closure</td></tr><tr><td>Betadine solution</td><td>Purdue Products L.P., Stamford, CT, USA</td><td>NDC-67618-150-01</td><td>10% povidone iodine topical solution</td></tr><tr><td>Normal saline solution</td><td>Abott Laboratories</td><td>04930-04-10</td><td>needed for preventing tissue from drying.</td></tr><tr><td>Nair (Hair remover lotion)</td><td></td><td></td><td>needed for fur removal from the site of incision/surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Braide silk suture</td><td>Teleflex Medical OEM, Coventry, Connecticut, USA</td><td></td><td>Size 5.0, 6.0, 7.0</td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td></td><td>2716</td><td>70% ethanol for disinfection</td></tr><tr><td>Spring scissors&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td>15000-10</td><td>for minor dissection</td></tr><tr><td>Scissors (angled to side)</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td>14063-011</td><td>No. 3 handle</td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel blade</td><td></td><td>2976-0</td><td>No. 10</td></tr><tr><td>Forceps (curved)</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td>11150-10</td><td>for holding tissue</td></tr><tr><td>Forceps (straight)</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td>11151-10</td><td>for holding tissue</td></tr><tr><td>Needle holder&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td>12002-12</td><td>for suturing</td></tr><tr><td>Fine needle nose Forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane</td><td>Henry Schein&amp;nbsp;Animal Health, Melville, New York, USA</td><td></td><td>a general inhalation anesthetic agent</td></tr><tr><td>Sterilizer</td><td>Benchmark Scientific, 116 Corporate Blvd, South Plainfield, NJ, USA</td><td>B1000</td><td>sterilize surgical tools&amp;nbsp;in 5-10 seconds using infrared heating</td></tr><tr><td>Gauze Pads</td><td>Johnson &amp;amp; Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA</td><td>JJ8513</td><td>to use for wound cleaning, prepping, scrubbing or dressing</td></tr><tr><td>Telemetry Device</td><td>Data Sciences International, St. Paul, MN, USA</td><td>DSI-PA-C10</td><td>to record blood pressure in freely moving mice</td></tr><tr><td>Telemetry receiver system&amp;nbsp; coumpled with a PC</td><td>Data Sciences International, St. Paul, MN, USA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tubing</td><td>Instech Laboratories, Plymouth Meeting, PA USA</td><td>BTPE-90</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vessel Cannulation Forceps, 13 cm, 0.5 mm OD</td><td>World Precision Instruments</td><td>503374</td><td>special vessel cannulation forceps</td></tr><tr><td>Tissue adhesive</td><td>3M Animal Care Products, St. Paul, MN, USA</td><td>NAC No.:&amp;nbsp;11380041</td><td>use to close minor wounds, often eliminating the need for sutures and/or bandages</td></tr><tr><td>Weighing scale&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td>BB300</td><td>precision analytical laboratory balance</td></tr></tbody></table>

long-term blood pressure measurement in freely moving mice using telemetry

Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. Indeed, research focusing on the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets using genetically altered mice requires a reliable, long-term assessment of the systemic arterial pressure variation. Currently, the gold standard for obtaining long-term measurements of blood pressure in ambulatory mice uses implantable radio-transmitters, which require&#160;artery cannulation. This technique eliminates the need for tethering, restraining, or anesthetizing the animals which introduce stress and artifacts during data sampling. However, arterial blood pressure monitoring in mice via catheterization can be rather challenging due to the small size of the arteries. Here we present a step-by-step guide to illustrate the crucial key passages for a successful subcutaneous implantation of radio-transmitters and carotid artery cannulation in mice. We also include examples of long-term blood pressure activity taken from freely moving mice after a period of post-surgery recovery. Following this procedure will allow reliable direct blood pressure recordings from multiple animals simultaneously.

Data can be acquired remotely by a receiver; traces are visualized on a computer screen for quality control (Figure 1a). Details such as animal ID, diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure are also shown (Figure 1b). Arterial BP can be recorded continuously (24/7), or for short programmed intervals (i.e., 60 sec acquisition every hour). Data can be automatically stored in a hard disk for later analysis. Averaged BP data from a 3-day c...

The goal of this protocol is to assess systemic blood pressure in conscious freely moving mice using implantable radio-telemetry devices.

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. ...

The goal of this protocol is to assess systemic blood pressure in conscious freely moving mice using implantable radiotelemetry devices. This method can help answer key question in the field of vascular diseases and allows the evaluation of many factors involved in the blood pressure regulation. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows collection of a wide variety of physiological parameters from freely moving animals without the artifacts associated with use of restraint, human interaction, or anesthesia that are required by other techniques.House the animals for this study at 21 degrees Celsius with 60%relative humidity under a 12 hour light dark cycle, and with free access to food and water. Weigh a selected mouse, handling it gently and calmly. Because the body must fit a telemetry probe the mouse must weigh at least 20 grams.To induce anesthesia use an induction chamber with four to five percent isoflurane blowing at 0.45 liters per minute. Transfer the unconscious mouse to a warming plate, and provide two percent isoflurane to it via a nose cone. Then confirm the anesthetized state with a toe pinch.If the mouse is non-reactive proceed with depilating the ventral side of it's neck using hair cream. Then wipe away the hair and excess cream and scrub the skin clean with three alternating applications of betadine and 70%isopropyl alcohol. The telemeters for this experiment can be reused if they are sterilized according to the manufacturer instructions and the tips of their catheters are refilled with the manufacturers gel.Now with the mouse in a supine position make a one centimeter midline incision below the neck of the mouse with a scalpel. In the left side of the cut create a subcutaneous space by carefully separating the skin from the underlying connective tissue. Then flip the mouse over and use a scalpel to make a 1.5 centimeter incision in the dorsal left side behind the scapula.Therein create a subcutaneous pocket large enough to accommodate the device. Now insert the transmitter into the pocket. Then insert a small hemostat clamp in the back incision and maneuver it subcutaneously towards the anterior neck opening.Using the clamp gently grasp a four centimeter long plastic tube and pull the hemostat back through the tunnel and out the lateral incision in the back. Unclamp the tube once it protrudes from both the abdominal and dorsal incisions. Now from the back insert the catheter sensor into the tube to tunnel the tip of the pressure sensing catheter through the neck.Then from the neck anterior pull and remove the polyethylene tube and close the dorsal incision using metal clips. Next carefully separate the mandibular glands using cotton applicators. Then retract the left mandibular gland using and elastic stay hook.Now with fine tipped curved forceps locate the carotid artery along the left side of the trachea and carefully isolate the vessel from the surrounding tissue. Then gently separate the vagus nerve from the carotid artery being careful not to cut or damage either the nerve or artery. Once separated pass three pieces of non-absorbable 7-0 suture underneath the isolated carotid artery and tie the cranial suture to close off blood flow.Pull the suture that is closest to the sternum to temporarily occlude blood flow from the aorta. Now make a loose knot using the middle suture to secure the catheter. Then make a small incision in the artery between the sutures using micro-scissors.Using special vessel cannulation forceps gently secure the catheter so the probe is not squeezed out. Then use tweezer forceps to gently grasp the artery. Now retrieve the catheter and insert it into the vessel through the small incision.The most critical step in this protocol is inserting the probe in the vessel. So make sure you are relaxed and sitting comfortably when you are performing it because good hand coordination is critical for this step. Next tighten the middle suture node around the artery and gently advance the catheter.Then gently release the suture proximal to the sternum and continue to advance the catheter towards the transverse aorta. When advancing the catheter into the carotid artery it is important to look at the mic end of the probe. Going too far will occlude the aorta and the mouse will die.Once the catheter has been inserted to the correct mark gently tighten both the lower and the upper suture around the catheter to secure it to the carotid artery. Finally close the skin incision with non-absorbable 5-0 suture and seal the incision with tissue adhesive. Postoperatively monitor the mouse until it shows normal postures and behaviors.During the first 24 hours administer analgesia as directed by the staff veterinarian. Once the animals have recovered five to seven days post surgery house them individually in a regular mouse cage placed on top of the telemetry receiver plate. To collect data place the mouse's cage over a telemetry receiver plate and turn on the transmitter using the manufacturer's magnetic device.After the described procedure data can be acquired remotely by a receiver. Traces are visualized on a computer screen for quality control. Details such as animal ID, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and date of acquisition are also shown.Arterial blood pressure can be recorded continuously or for short programmed intervals. One easily apparent finding from continuous recordings of murine blood pressure is that they follow a circadian rhythm. After watching this video you should have a good understanding of how to implant telemetry probes for black basal monitoring.Once mastered this technique can be done in 30 minutes if it is performed properly.

long-term-blood-pressure-measurement-freely-moving-mice-using

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

The CODA 8-Channel High Throughput Non-Invasive Blood Pressure system measures the blood pressure in up to 8 mice or rats simultaneously. This tail-cuff system uses Volume Pressure Recording (VPR) to measure the blood pressure by determining the tail blood volume.

Measuring Blood Pressure in Mice using Volume Pressure Recording, a Tail-cuff Method

A surgical technique for implantation of commercially available telemetry transmitters used for continuous measurement of biopotential (one-lead ECG), heart rate, core body temperature and locomotor activity in freely moving mice is shown. Recommendations and protocols for post-operative care and pain relief, improving recovery, well being and survival rate are also presented.

Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice

This film demonstrates how to acquire systemic and hepatic hemodynamics in mice. The whole monitoring includes acquisition of vital parameters, systemic blood pressure, central venous pressure, common hepatic artery flow rate, and portal vein pressure as well as the portal flow rate in mice.

Monitoring of Systemic and Hepatic Hemodynamic Parameters in Mice

Anesthetized mice exhibit non-physiological systemic blood pressure, which precludes meaningful assessment of autonomic tone given the intimate relationship between blood pressure and the autonomic nervous system. Thus, a novel method to simultaneously record renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure with intravenous infusion in conscious mice is outlined.

Novel Approach for Simultaneous Recording of Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure with Intravenous Infusion in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice.

Here, we describe a setup for simultaneous recording of electrocardiography and intra-arterial blood pressure (BP) in experimental rats, which can be done with standard equipment in animal facilities and can be applied to physiological or pharmacological studies to investigate pathogenic or therapeutic mechanisms in cardiovascular medicine.

Simultaneous Electrocardiography Recording and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats

The baroreflex is a heart-rate regulation mechanism by the autonomic nervous system in response to blood-pressure changes. We describe a surgical technique to implant telemetry transmitters for continuous and simultaneous measurement of electrocardiogram and blood pressure in mice. This can determine spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, an important prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease.

Implantation of Combined Telemetric ECG and Blood Pressure Transmitters to Determine Spontaneous Baroreflex Sensitivity in Conscious Mice

The present protocol describes a long-term continuous measurement of renal blood flow in conscious rats and simultaneously recording blood pressure with implanted catheters (fluid-filled or by telemetry).

Long-Term Continuous Measurement of Renal Blood Flow in Conscious Rats

This protocol provides a step-by-step procedure for executing multiple intravenous bolus dose administration and invasive hemodynamic monitoring in mice. Investigators can use this protocol for future therapeutic compound screening for pulmonary artery hypertension.

Multiple Intravenous Bolus Dosing and Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment in a Hypoxia-Induced Mouse Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Model

Here, we describe a simple method to implant a commercial continuous glucose monitor designed for patients onto mice and provide the scripts to analyze the results.

Simple Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Freely Moving Mice

A murine model for ventilator induced lung injury is an important tool to study an acute lung injury in vivo. Here, we report an easy applicable in situ model for acute lung injury using high-pressure mechanical ventilation to induce acute failure of the lung.

Pressure Controlled Ventilation to Induce Acute Lung Injury in Mice

Learn to measure blood pressure in freely moving mice using implantable radiotelemetry devices. This method enables continuous monitoring without restraint artifacts for vascular disease research.

Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry

Explore More Videos