This protocol describes in vitro cultivation of the syphilis pathogen Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum in co-culture with mammalian cells. The method is scalable; it can be used to produce large quantities of T. pallidum and to generate clonal cultures.
Edmondson, D. G., Norris, S. J., De Lay, B. D. Procedures for In Vitro Cultivation of Treponema pallidum, the Syphilis Spirochete. J. Vis. Exp. (215), e66880, doi:10.3791/66880 (2025).