Name: Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry (Video) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2025-06-06T12:55:00.000+00:00
Duration: 3 min 37 s
Description: Learn how different polishing methods affect color stability in pediatric dental restorations using composite and compomer materials. This standardized protocol helps clinicians select optimal techniques for improved aesthetic outcomes.

ai_agent_IP

ai_agent

maintenance

instantTrialDurationMinutes

isBiopharma

enableNewMyJoveSectionDesign

educationFeatures

seoMetaApi

ai_copilot_institution_blacklist

ai_chat_institution_blacklist

freeAccessWindow

ssoRoleCapture

scheduledMaintenanceBanner

joveLabsFeatures

disable_autoplay_for_bots

extended_trial_duration

5 minutes

The authors express gratitude to all the participants who generously dedicated their time and took part in this research.

To investigate the effect of polishing systems on the discoloration of composite and compomer resins, two commercial A2 shade restorative materials were tested in this study: compomer and nanohybrid composite resin. The list of resin restorations used is provided in the Table of Materials.
1. Specimen preparation
<ol>
	<li>Produce a total of 120 discs, with 60 discs made from each of the composite resin and compomer materials.</li>
	<li>Place the restorative materials into a silicone mold with an 8 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness.</li>
	<li>Before curing, press the materials between 1 mm glass plates with Mylar strips to match the mold's thickness. Use these glass plates to ensure that the specimens have flat, smooth surfaces, reducing the likelihood of variations in color measurements. 
	NOTE: Maintain consistency by using A2 shade for all materials.</li>
	<li>Cure the restorative materials from one side with a light-emitting diode light cure for 20 s with an intensity of 1.470 mW/cm², following the manufacturer's instructions. Have a single operator prepare all the specimens.</li>
	<li>Randomly assign the discs of each restorative material to one of five polishing subgroups, with each subgroup consisting of 12 discs (Figure 1). Perform the power analysis to determine the minimum required sample size (power = 0.95, α = 0.05, β = 0.05).</li>
	<li>Finish the specimens in groups 1.1 and 2.1 (Figure 1) using a series of four-step aluminum oxide discs (Al discs) for 20 s each.</li>
	<li>Finish the specimens in groups 1.2 and 2.2 (Figure 1) with a one-step polishing rubber kit for 20 s at low pressure after first polishing them with Al discs using the same procedure.</li>
	<li>For groups 1.3 and 2.3 (Figure 1), finish the specimens with Al discs and one-step polishing felt discs for 20 s each. Subject the felt discs to continuous water irrigation.</li>
	<li>In groups 1.4 and 2.4 (Figure 1), perform the same disc application as in the other groups, then apply two-step spiral wheels for 20 s.</li>
	<li>In groups 1.5 and 2.5 (Figure 1), do not perform any finishing or polishing procedures.</li>
	<li>After finishing, store all prepared specimens in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h to allow for rehydration and complete polymerization.</li>
	<li>Number each sample before conducting baseline color measurements.</li>
	<li>Use a spectrophotometer to evaluate the baseline color measurements of all groups, following the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage Lab* (CIELab) coordinates relative to a standard illuminant.</li>
	<li>Use a white background for the initial color measurements.</li>
	<li>Calibrate the spectrophotometer before each measurement following the manufacturer's instructions.</li>
	<li>Take color measurements 3x for each specimen to ensure accuracy.</li>
</ol>
<img alt="Flowchart of specimen distribution; 120 specimens into Composite and Compomer groups for study." class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/67762/67762fig01.jpg" data-altupdatedat="1783396841000" data-alt="Figure 1"> 
Figure 1: Distribution of the study groups. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/67762/67762fig01large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>
2. Staining process
<ol>
	<li>To compare the ability of restorative materials and polishing techniques to resist discoloration, store the prepared discs in commercially available cherry juice. Incubate all samples at 37 °C for 7 days, refreshing the juice daily.</li>
	<li>At the end of the experimental period, thoroughly rinse the discs with distilled water and dry them with tissue paper before conducting color measurements.</li>
	<li>Apply the same procedure used for the initial color measurements using the referenced spectrophotometer.</li>
</ol>
3. Color difference measurements
<ol>
	<li>For color difference determination (ΔE), calculate the average values of ΔL, Δa, and Δb for each specimen. Use the following equation to calculate color variation13: 
	ΔE = [(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2]1/2 
	Where L* represents the lightness of color, ranging from 0 (black) to 100 (white). The a* value indicates the position on the green-red axis, with positive a* values indicating red and negative a* values indicating green. The b* value represents the blue-yellow axis, where positive b* values indicate yellow and negative b* values indicate blue.</li>
	<li>Based on previous studies1,11,13, consider a noticeable color change with a ΔE value ≥ 1 to be acceptable, provided it does not exceed ΔE = 3.3.</li>
	<li>Record color measurements for the experimental groups immersed in cherry juice.</li>
</ol>
4. Statistical analysis
<ol>
	<li>Provide descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, and maximum).</li>
	<li>Use the Shapiro-Wilk test to check the assumption of normal distribution.</li>
	<li>In cases where the normality assumption is not met, use the Mann-Whitney U test for comparing two independent groups, and use the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing three or more independent groups.</li>
	<li>Apply post hoc Bonferroni Corrections to identify the groups that caused the differences.</li>
	<li>Use statistical analysis software to conduct the analyses.</li>
</ol>

<ol><li>Jrady, A., Ragab, H., Algahtani, F. N., Osman, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((In+vitro+study+on+the+impact+of+various+polishing+systems+and+coffee+staining+on+the+color+stability+of+bleach-shaded+resin+composite%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22BMC+Oral+Health%22%5BJournal%5D)">In vitro study on the impact of various polishing systems and coffee staining on the color stability of bleach-shaded resin composite.</a> BMC Oral Health. 24 (1), 712(2024).</li>
<li>Güler, A. U., Güler, E., Yücel, A. Ç, Ertaş, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Effects+of+polishing+procedures+on+color+stability+of+composite+resins%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Appl+Oral+Sci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Effects of polishing procedures on color stability of composite resins.</a> J Appl Oral Sci. 17 (2), 108-112 (2009).</li>
<li>Yadav, R. D., Raisingani, D., Jindal, D., Mathur, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+comparative+analysis+of+different+finishing+and+polishing+devices+on+nanofilled%2C+microfilled%2C+and+hybrid+composite%3A+A+scanning+electron+microscopy+and+profilometric+study%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Int+J+Clin+Pediat+Dent%22%5BJournal%5D)">A comparative analysis of different finishing and polishing devices on nanofilled, microfilled, and hybrid composite: A scanning electron microscopy and profilometric study.</a> Int J Clin Pediat Dent. 9 (3), 201(2016).</li>
<li>Craig, R. G., O'Brien, W. J., Powers, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=off&q=author%3aCraig%2C+RG+%22Dental+materials%3A+Properties+and+manipulation%22">Dental materials: Properties and manipulation</a>. , Mosby. (2004).</li>
<li>Almutairi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+effects+of+different+pediatric+drugs+and+brushing+on+the+color+stability+of+esthetic+restorative+materials+used+in+pediatric+dentistry%3A+An+in+vitro+study%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Children%22%5BJournal%5D)">The effects of different pediatric drugs and brushing on the color stability of esthetic restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry: An in vitro study.</a> Children. 9 (7), 1026(2022).</li>
<li>Yu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Effects+of+carbamide+peroxide+on+the+staining+susceptibility+of+tooth-colored+restorative+materials%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Oper+Dent%22%5BJournal%5D)">Effects of carbamide peroxide on the staining susceptibility of tooth-colored restorative materials.</a> Oper Dent. 34 (1), 72-82 (2009).</li>
<li>Sabatini, C., Campillo, M., Aref, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Color+stability+of+ten+resin-based+restorative+materials%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Esthetic+Restor+Dent%22%5BJournal%5D)">Color stability of ten resin-based restorative materials.</a> J Esthetic Restor Dent. 24 (3), 185-199 (2012).</li>
<li>Lopes, I. aD., Monteiro, P. J. V. C., Mendes, J. J. B., Gonçalves, J. M. R., Caldeira, F. J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+effect+of+different+finishing+and+polishing+techniques+on+surface+roughness+and+gloss+of+two+nanocomposites%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Saudi+Dental+J%22%5BJournal%5D)">The effect of different finishing and polishing techniques on surface roughness and gloss of two nanocomposites.</a> Saudi Dental J. 30 (3), 197-207 (2018).</li>
<li>Scheibe, K. G. B. A., Almeida, K. G. B., Medeiros, I. S., Costa, J. F., Alves, C. M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Effect+of+different+polishing+systems+on+the+surface+roughness+of+microhybrid+composites%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Appl+Oral+Sci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of microhybrid composites.</a> J Appl Oral Sci. 17 (1), 21-26 (2009).</li>
<li>Erdemir, U., Yildiz, E., Eren, M. M., Ozsoy, A., Topcu, F. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Effects+of+polishing+systems+on+the+surface+roughness+of+tooth-colored+materials%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Dental+Sci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Effects of polishing systems on the surface roughness of tooth-colored materials.</a> J Dental Sci. 8 (2), 160-169 (2013).</li>
<li>Paravina, R. D., Roeder, L., Lu, H., Vogel, K., Powers, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Effect+of+finishing+and+polishing+procedures+on+surface+roughness%2C+gloss+and+color+of+resin-based+composites%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Am+J+Dentistry%22%5BJournal%5D)">Effect of finishing and polishing procedures on surface roughness, gloss and color of resin-based composites.</a> Am J Dentistry. 17 (4), 262-266 (2004).</li>
<li>Yildiz, E., Karaarslan, E. S., Simsek, M., Ozsevik, A. S., Usumez, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Color+stability+and+surface+roughness+of+polished+anterior+restorative+materials%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Dental+Mater+J%22%5BJournal%5D)">Color stability and surface roughness of polished anterior restorative materials.</a> Dental Mater J. 34 (5), 629-639 (2015).</li>
<li>Farah, R. I., Elwi, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Spectrophotometric+evaluation+of+color+changes+of+bleach-shade+resin-based+composites+after+staining+and+bleaching%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Contemp+Dent+Pract%22%5BJournal%5D)">Spectrophotometric evaluation of color changes of bleach-shade resin-based composites after staining and bleaching.</a> J Contemp Dent Pract. 15 (5), 587-594 (2014).</li>
<li>Ülker, Ö, Yılmaz, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Evaluation+of+the+effect+of+different+finishing+and+polishing+systems+on+surface+roughness+and+color+stability+of+different+restorative+materials%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+International+Dental+Sciences%22%5BJournal%5D)">Evaluation of the effect of different finishing and polishing systems on surface roughness and color stability of different restorative materials.</a> Journal of International Dental Sciences. 7 (2), 16-26 (2021).</li>
<li>Yap, A. U., Yap, S., Teo, C., Ng, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Finishing%2Fpolishing+of+composite+and+compomer+restoratives%3A+Effectiveness+of+one-step+systems%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Oper+Dent%22%5BJournal%5D)">Finishing/polishing of composite and compomer restoratives: Effectiveness of one-step systems.</a> Oper Dent. 29 (3), 275-279 (2004).</li>
<li>Pires-De, F. D. C. P., Garcia, L. D. F. R., Roselino, L. D. M. R., Naves, L. Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Color+stability+of+silorane-based+composites+submitted+to+accelerated+artificial+ageing-an+in+situ+study%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Dent%22%5BJournal%5D)">Color stability of silorane-based composites submitted to accelerated artificial ageing-an in situ study.</a> J Dent. 39, e18-e24 (2011).</li>
<li>Yikilgan, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+effects+of+fresh+detox+juices+on+color+stability+and+roughness+of+resin-based+composites%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Prosthodont%22%5BJournal%5D)">The effects of fresh detox juices on color stability and roughness of resin-based composites.</a> J Prosthodont. 28 (1), e82-e88 (2019).</li>
<li>Fontes, S. T., Fernández, M. R., Moura, C. M. D., Meireles, S. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Color+stability+of+a+nanofill+composite%3A+Effect+of+different+immersion+media%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Appl+Oral+Sci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Color stability of a nanofill composite: Effect of different immersion media.</a> J Appl Oral Sci. 17 (5), 388-391 (2009).</li>
<li>Tan, B., Yap, A., Ma, H., Chew, J., Tan, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Effect+of+beverages+on+color+and+translucency+of+new+tooth-colored+restoratives%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Oper+Dent%22%5BJournal%5D)">Effect of beverages on color and translucency of new tooth-colored restoratives.</a> Oper Dent. 40 (2), E56-E65 (2015).</li>
<li>Okubo, S. R., Kanawati, A., Richards, M. W., Childressd, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Evaluation+of+visual+and+instrument+shade+matching%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Prosthet+Dent%22%5BJournal%5D)">Evaluation of visual and instrument shade matching.</a> J Prosthet Dent. 80 (6), 642-648 (1998).</li>
<li>Gönülol, N., Yılmaz, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+effects+of+finishing+and+polishing+techniques+on+surface+roughness+and+color+stability+of+nanocomposites%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Dent%22%5BJournal%5D)">The effects of finishing and polishing techniques on surface roughness and color stability of nanocomposites.</a> J Dent. 40 (Suppl 2), e64-e70 (2012).</li>
<li>Paolone, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Color+stability+of+resin-based+composites%3A+Staining+procedures+with+liquids-a+narrative+review%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Esthet+Restor+Dent%22%5BJournal%5D)">Color stability of resin-based composites: Staining procedures with liquids-a narrative review.</a> J Esthet Restor Dent. 34 (6), 865-887 (2022).</li>
<li>Schmitt, V. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Polishing+techniques+effect+on+microhybrid%2C+nanohybrid+and+nanofilled+composites+color+and+surface+roughness+stability%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Bioscience+J%22%5BJournal%5D)">Polishing techniques effect on microhybrid, nanohybrid and nanofilled composites color and surface roughness stability.</a> Bioscience J. 32 (1), 262-271 (2016).</li>
<li>Ruse, N. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((What+is+a+%26%2334%3Bcompomer%26%2334%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Can+Dent+Assoc%22%5BJournal%5D)">What is a &#34;compomer&#34.</a> J Can Dent Assoc. 65 (9), 500-504 (1999).</li>
<li>Gladys, S., Van Meerbeek, B., Braem, M., Lambrechts, P., Vanherle, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Comparative+physico-mechanical+characterization+of+new+hybrid+restorative+materials+with+conventional+glass-ionomer+and+resin+composite+restorative+materials%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Dent+Res%22%5BJournal%5D)">Comparative physico-mechanical characterization of new hybrid restorative materials with conventional glass-ionomer and resin composite restorative materials.</a> J Dent Res. 76 (4), 883-894 (1997).</li>
<li>Abo-Eldahab, G., Kamel, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Color+stability+of+nanofilled+and+suprananofilled+resin+composites+with+different+polishing+techniques+after+immersion+in+coffee+solution%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Egyptian+Dental+Journal%22%5BJournal%5D)">Color stability of nanofilled and suprananofilled resin composites with different polishing techniques after immersion in coffee solution.</a> Egyptian Dental Journal. 69 (1), 827-836 (2023).</li>
</ol>

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Achieving a successful aesthetic restoration depends on two key factors: color matching and maintaining long-term color stability. Restoration materials often suffer from surface and subsurface staining due to the increased consumption of staining foods and beverages11,18. The discoloration of polymeric materials caused by colored liquids, such as coffee, tea, juice, and other drinks, has been documented in the literature. Juice is one of the most commonly consum...

Physical appearance has become a significant concern in social perception and interaction. Social media promote an idealized look as the only acceptable standard, negatively affecting children and young adults1. Consequently, aesthetics has become one of the most crucial factors for people seeking dental treatments2. Numerous tooth-colored restorative materials have been developed to meet the increasing demand for aesthetics3. Resin composites, with their improvements in mechanical properties and formulations, and compomers (polyacid-modified resin composites) with their additional fluoride-releasing feature, are among the most commonly used tooth-colored restorative materials, especially in pediatric dentistry4.
Color stability is one of the most essential requirements for clinical success in tooth-colored restorative materials.&#160;Discoloration of these aesthetic materials over a period of time may occur with intrinsic and extrinsic factors5. Extrinsic factors of discoloration include smoking, poor oral hygiene, and consuming colorful meals and beverages, which can stain surfaces of the restorative materials due to the adhesion or penetration of colorants from external sources6. Intrinsic factors include the chemical structure of the restorative material itself, such as the resin matrix&#39;s composition and the interaction between the matrix and fillers. Dental practitioners may reduce this kind of discoloration by ensuring adequate polymerization and employing appropriate finishing and polishing techniques7.
Proper finishing and polishing are required to smooth the surface and remove excess material to improve the aesthetics and durability of restorative materials by eliminating the superficial resin layer that prevents polymerization when in contact with oxygen8. Numerous instruments like carbide and diamond burs, abrasive disks, impregnated rubber cubs, strips, and pastes have been designed in the field of dentistry to finish and polish the tooth-colored restorative material9. These instruments vary according to the flexibility of the finishing material, the hardness of the abrasive, the grain size, and the instrument application methods. Deciding the more appropriate finishing and polishing instrument depends on the shape and size, hardness of the filler material, and the proportion of the material in the overall composition10. According to Paravina et al.11, if the polishing material&#39;s particle size is smaller than the polished restorative material&#39;s particle size, a better restorative material surface will be achieved.
Although there have been several studies investigating the effectiveness of a polishing system on the surface roughness and color stability of tooth colored restorative materials, most of the studies evaluated composite material1,2,3,6,8,9,11. The literature includes a limited number of studies exploring the impact of various finishing and polishing systems on the color change of tooth-colored restorative materials commonly used in pediatric dentistry12. This present study aimed to evaluate the impact of various polishing methods on the color stability of compomer and composite resin restorations.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Compomer (A2 Shade)</td><td>UDMA, Carboxylic acid modified dimethacrylate (TCB resin), TEGDMA, Trimethacrylate resin (TMPTMA), Dimethacrylate resins, Camphorquinone, Ethyl4(dimethylamino)benzoate, Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), UV stabilizer, Strontium-alumino-sodium-fluoro-phosphor-silicate glass , Highly dispersed silicon dioxide, Strontium fluoride, Iron oxide pigments and titanium oxide pigments</td><td>Compomer XP, Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Composite Resin (A2 Shade)</td><td>BisGMA,TEGDMA, Silica &amp;ndash; zirconium, composite</td><td>Estelite Sigma Quick, Tokuyama, Tokyo, Japan</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Dian Fong</td><td>&amp;nbsp;Diamond Stone</td><td>China&amp;nbsp;</td><td>One step&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Easyshade&amp;nbsp;</td><td>spectrophotometer&amp;nbsp;</td><td>VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH &amp;amp; Co. KG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>G*Power software ver. 3.1.9.2</td><td></td><td>Erdfelder, Faul, &amp;amp; Buchner</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polimax</td><td>Felt dics</td><td>TDV, Brazil&amp;nbsp;</td><td>One step</td></tr><tr><td>SPSS&amp;nbsp; Statistics 25</td><td>Software</td><td>IBM , Armonk, New York, ABD</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sof-Lex (S)</td><td>Aluminum oxide coated discs (coarse,medium,fine, super fine)</td><td>3M/ESPE, MN, USA</td><td>Multi-step</td></tr><tr><td>Sof-Lex Spiral Wheels</td><td>Aluminium oxide and diamond particles impregnated in a thermoplastic elastomer</td><td>3M/ESPE, MN, USA</td><td>Two step</td></tr><tr><td> &lt;p&gt;*Bis-GMA&amp;nbsp;Bisphenol-A diglycidylether methacrylate, UDMA&amp;nbsp;Urethane dimethacrylate,&lt;br/&gt; TEGDMA&amp;nbsp;Triethyelene glycol dimethacrylate&lt;/p&gt; </td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

evaluating the effects of different polishing methods on color stability of dental restorations in pediatric dentistry

Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various polishing methods on the color stability of compomer and composite resin restorations used in anterior restorations within pediatric dentistry. One hundred and twenty disc-shaped specimens&#160;(8 mm diameter x 4 mm thickness) were prepared from A2 shade compomer and nanohybrid composite resin to assess color stability in four different polishing systems. Sixty specimens from each material were randomly distributed into five groups (n = 12) according to the polishing method used. Group 1: four-step aluminum oxide discs, Group 2: aluminum oxide discs and rubber kit, Group 3: aluminum oxide discs and felt discs, Group 4: aluminum oxide discs and spiral wheels, and Group 5: no polishing.
The specimens were immersed in cherry juice solution for 7 days. The color changes (&#916;E) for all materials were assessed using a spectrophotometer at baseline and after 7 days of staining. The collected data were analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, along with the Mann-Whitney U test for comparing two independent groups and the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing three or more independent groups. Post hoc Bonferroni Corrections were applied to identify the groups causing the differences.
As a result of the analyses, statistically significant differences were determined between the staining measurements of the compomer and composite materials across the groups (p &#60; 0.05). The highest level of discoloration for the compomer was in the control group. In conclusion, the selected polishing method influences the degree of discoloration in the compomer groups. In the composite group, polishing methods showed variable effects. Differences were found between the compomer and composite groups. Understanding these effects is crucial for maintaining the esthetic longevity of restorations in young patients.

The mean, minimum, and maximum color values obtained from the measurements are presented in Table 1. Statistically significant differences in discoloration were observed among the groups of compomer and composite materials (p &lt; 0.05).
<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td colspan="2">Compomer</td>
			<td colspan="2">Composite Resin</td>
			<td>Compomer- Composite Resin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="2"></...

Here, we evaluated the impact of various polishing methods on the color stability of compomer and composite resin restorations used in anterior restorations within pediatric dentistry. This study highlights the significance of selecting appropriate polishing methods to enhance the color stability of compomer and composite resin restorations in pediatric dentistry.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various polishing methods on the color stability of compomer and composite resin restorations used in ...

The given research aims to evaluate how different polishing methods affect the color stability of composite and compomer restorations in pediatric dentistry. Maintaining consistent specimen preparation and color measurement conditions can be challenging, but standardizing these steps is crucial to ensure accurate and reproducible results. To begin, place the restorative material into a silicone mold.Press the materials between one millimeter glass plates with Mylar strips to match the mold's thickness. Now, cure the restorative materials from one side using a light emitting diode for 20 seconds with an intensity of 1.47 milliwatts per square centimeter. Finish the specimens in groups 1.1 and 2.1 using a series of four step aluminum oxide discs for 20 seconds each.For groups 1.2 and 2.2, after polishing the specimens with aluminum oxide discs, finish them with a one step polishing rubber kit for 20 seconds at low pressure. Similarly for groups 1.3 and 2.3, after polishing with aluminum oxide discs, finish the specimens with one step polishing felt discs for 20 seconds each, while subjecting the felt discs to continuous water irrigation. In groups 1.4 and 2.4, after applying aluminum oxide discs, apply two steps spiral wheels for 20 seconds.Place the prepared specimens in distilled water and store them at 37 degrees Celsius for 24 hours to allow rehydration and complete polymerization. Use a spectrophotometer to evaluate the baseline color measurements of all groups relative to a standard illuminant. Store the prepared discs in cherry juice to compare the discoloration resistance of the materials and polishing techniques, and incubate all samples at 37 degrees Celsius for seven days.At the end of the experiment, rinse the discs thoroughly with distilled water and dry them using tissue paper before conducting color measurements, following the same procedure shown earlier. When comparing the composite resin and compomer discs, noticeable differences in color stability were observed. Discoloration was more pronounced in the specimens polished with aluminum oxide discs alone, and in those additionally treated with felt discs, particularly among composite resin groups.No significant differences in discoloration were found between the composite resin and compomer in the aluminum oxide discs, plus polishing rubber kit, aluminum oxide discs, plus spiral wheels and control groups. The given protocol provides a standardized and practical method to evaluate color changes after polishing. The provided findings will guide pediatric dentists in selecting optimal polishing systems, improving the color stability and durability of restorations in children's teeth.

evaluating-effects-different-polishing-methods-on-color-stability

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

The Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique is a practicable, fast, and reliable approach for the differentiation of composite resin restorations from tooth substance, and facilitates the minimally invasive and complete removal of composite resin restorations and composite bonded trauma splints.

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique

This methodology allows applying a dental appliance on any specimen at any angle with standardized force and stability. This approach might be extensively used in health sciences to standardize the impacts of dental equipment with hand-holding elements such as micromotors, turbines, and ultrasonic scalers on varied surfaces.

Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials

This article presents a protocol to evaluate the effects of different manufacturing methods (heat-polymerized PMMA, CAD-CAM milled PMMA, and 3D-printed resin) and polishing techniques (600, 800, and 1000 grit silicon carbide abrasive papers) on the surface roughness (Ra) of resin base materials used for complete dentures.

Impact of Fabrication Techniques and Polishing Procedures on Surface Roughness of Denture Base Resins

This study highlights the importance of assessing how commonly consumed fruit juices affect the color stability of primary teeth and whether toothbrushing can help mitigate these changes. Understanding these interactions is essential for developing preventive strategies and maintaining esthetic oral health in pediatric patients.

Impact of Common Fruit Juices and Toothbrushing on the Discoloration of Primary Teeth

This protocol aims to evaluate the effects of surface treatment protocols, luting cement selection, and thermocycling on the shear bond strength between PEEK and an indirect composite resin.

Standardized Protocol to Evaluate the Effect of Surface Treatments, Luting Cements, and Thermocycling on PEEK&#8211;Composite Bond Strength

The method described isolation and characterization of human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) by using either enzymatic dissociation of pulp (DPSC-ED) or direct outgrowth of stem cells from pulp tissue explants (DPSC-OG). Then followed by in vitro comparative differentiation of both types of hDPSCs into odontoblasts.

Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods

In order to understand the spatial development of polymerization shrinkage stress in dental resin-composite restorations, Digital Image Correlation was used to provide full-field displacement/strain measurement of restored model glass cavities by correlating images of the restoration taken before and after polymerization.

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

Accuracy is a major demand in dental medicine. To verify accuracy, reference scanners are needed. This article presents a new reference scanner with an adjusted scanning method to acquire a broad variety of dental morphologies with high trueness and precision.

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

Changes in the oral microbiome throughout childhood are of growing interest. Comparison of different microbiome studies reveals a lack of standardized sampling protocols. Limited space makes sampling the sound subgingival sulcus of children challenging. Paper point sampling is presented here in detail as the method of choice for this area.

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Here, we present a protocol to evaluate oral biofilm formation on titanium and zirconia materials for dental prosthesis abutments, including the analysis of bacterial cells viability and morphological characteristics. An in situ model associated with powerful microscopy techniques is used for the oral biofilm analysis.

Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants

Learn how different polishing methods affect color stability in pediatric dental restorations using composite and compomer materials. This standardized protocol helps clinicians select optimal techniques for improved aesthetic outcomes.

Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry

Explore More Videos