This study examines circadian variations in growth factor release from platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and explores correlations with cortisol levels, with the goal of optimizing the timing of PRF-based regenerative procedures.
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Research Article
Evaluation of Circadian Variation in Growth Factors of Platelet-Rich Fibrin: A Pilot Study
In This Article
Summary
Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has extensive clinical applications in dentistry, particularly in the regeneration of soft and hard tissues, extraction socket healing, treatment of periodontal defects, sinus augmentation, and mucogingival procedures. PRF is a platelet-derived, growth factor-rich biomaterial prepared via a single-step centrifugation protocol. This study aimed to evaluate whether PRF-derived growth factors exhibit circadian variation between morning and evening hours. Twenty healthy volunteers participated, each providing six venous blood samples, three at 08:00 and three at 20:00. From each time point, one tube was used for complete blood count, one for serum cortisol analysis, and one for PRF preparation (centrifuged at 708 x gfor 12 min). Growth factors (IGF-1, PDGF, FGFR, VEGF, TGFβ-1) in PRF were measured at 24 h and 72 h using ELISA. Their levels were compared between time points and correlated with serum cortisol levels. FGFR levels were significantly higher at 72 h than at 24 h in evening samples. However, no significant differences were found for IGF-1, PDGF, VEGF, or TGFβ-1 between morning and evening. Cortisol levels were negatively correlated with PDGF at 72 h in morning samples and with IGF-1 at 72 h in evening samples; however, no other significant correlations were observed. These findings suggest that the timing of blood collection does not significantly influence PRF growth factor content, indicating flexibility in clinical protocols regarding sample timing.
Introduction
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a second-generation platelet concentrate commonly used in regenerative dentistry due to its autologous origin, ease of preparation, and biologically active content1. Formed by centrifugation of whole blood without anticoagulants, PRF provides a fibrin matrix rich in platelets and leukocytes that secrete growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFr). These biomolecules play central roles in cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, ....
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Protocol
This study was conducted at the Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey, with the participation of 20 healthy volunteers. Prior to inclusion, all participants were informed about the aim, methodology, and procedures of the study, and written informed consent was obtained. Ethical approval was granted by the Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Approval No: 125/55, Date: 16.09.2022). All procedures, including essential biosafety guidance for handling human blood and waste-disposal instructions for biohazardous materials and chemical reagents, were performed in accordance wit....
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Results
All 20 volunteer participants (10 female and 10 male, aged between 18 and 25) completed the study without any sample loss. Complete blood count results confirmed that platelet and hematological parameters were within normal reference ranges in all samples, validating the reliability of the PRF preparations.
Comparison of blood parameters between morning and evening
Cortisol levels were significantly higher in morning samples compared to evening (p < 0.001), reflecting t.......
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Discussion
Based on the known circadian regulation of platelet activity and hormone secretion, it was initially hypothesized that the time of blood collection (morning vs. evening) may alter PRF growth factor content. This study aimed to test whether any such temporal variation exists, and if so, whether it correlates with serum cortisol levels and hematological parameters. The study was designed as a pilot investigation to explore circadian variation in PRF-derived growth factor release. Therefore, a formal sample size ca.......
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Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Materials
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| CENTRIFUGE MACHINE | DUO | 913023410238 | |
| ELISA KITS | Fine Test, Wuhan FineBiotech Co., Ltd. | IGF-1 (Catalog no:EH0165) | |
| ELISA KITS | Fine Test, Wuhan FineBiotech Co., Ltd. | PDGF (Catalog no:EH3531) | |
| ELISA KITS | Fine Test, Wuhan FineBiotech Co., Ltd. | FGFR (Catalog no:EH0715) | |
| ELISA KITS | Fine Test, Wuhan FineBiotech Co., Ltd. | VEGF (Catalog no:EH0327) | |
| ELISA KITS | Fine Test, Wuhan FineBiotech Co., Ltd. | TGF-β1(Catalog no:EH0287) | |
| PRF Tubes |  | 6370 |
References
- Dohan, D. M., et al. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): A second-generation platelet concentrate. Part I: Technological concepts and evolution. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 101 (3), e37-e44 (2006).
- Ehrenfest, D. M. D., Rasmusson, L., Albrektsson, T.
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