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Method Article

Effect of Combined Chinese and Western Nursing on Allergic Rhinitis: A Controlled Trial Assessing Symptoms, Quality of Life, Nasal Function, and Inflammation

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DOI:

10.3791/68914

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October 14th, 2025

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1Department of Operating Room, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, 2Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital

In This Article

Summary

In the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR), integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy has gained increasing attention. This article comprehensively evaluates the effectiveness of this combined therapy and explores the potential application of external traditional Chinese medicine therapies in the nursing care of AR.

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of an integrated nursing approach (combining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine) for patients with AR, including symptom relief, nasal function improvement, enhancement of quality of life, and regulation of inflammatory responses. A total of 120 patients with AR were randomly divided into a control group (n = 60, receiving standard Western medical care) and an observation group (n = 60, receiving additional integrative nursing interventions based on TCM). The intervention period lasted 8 weeks, with follow-ups at 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-intervention. Outcome measures included rhinitis symptom scores, treatment effectiveness, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20), EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) scores, olfactory function (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test), inflammatory cytokine levels, regulatory T cell percentages, and rescue medication use. At 6 months post-intervention, the observation group showed considerably greater improvements than the control group: lower rhinitis symptom scores, higher treatment effectiveness, improved SNOT-20 and EQ-5D scores, enhanced olfactory function, reduced use of rescue medications, decreased levels of inflammatory markers, and increased regulatory T cell counts. The integrative nursing approach demonstrates promising therapeutic effects in managing AR. It effectively alleviates symptoms, improves nasal function and overall well-being, modulates immune-inflammatory pathways, and reduces reliance on symptomatic medication. These findings support further investigation of this approach in broader clinical settings.

Introduction

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a clinically common non-infectious disease characterised by inflammation of the nasal mucosa1. It is a global health concern, affecting up to 40% of the population worldwide2. The aetiology of AR is associated with environmental and genetic factors, although its exact cause and pathogenesis have not yet been fully understood.

Typical symptoms of AR include nasal congestion, runny nose, decreased nasal ventilation, and nasal itching, which can considerably affect patients' respiratory function and daily life, including sleep disturbances and daytime fatigue3. In severe cases, AR may lead to insomnia, headache, dizziness, inattention, and cognitive decline, greatly compromising patients' physical health and quality of life. Additionally, it often coexists with comorbidities such as asthma, sinusitis, and otitis media, further emphasising the need for effective management strategies4.

Early intervention is crucial to control the progression of nasal damage and reduce the risk of a poor prognosis5. In Western medicine, allergen-specific immunotherapy, often combined with relevant anti-inflammatory drugs, is the primary prescription for AR treatment. This regimen can effectively control hypersensitivity reactions, reduce inflammatory factors, and improve rhinitis symptoms triggered by AR. Pharmacological treatments typically include antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and leukotriene receptor antagonists6. Nevertheless, Western medicine shows limited efficacy and poor outcomes in treating AR in some patients7, highlighting the urgent need to optimise and improve AR treatment protocols.

In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown remarkable achievements in many fields, including the treatment of COVID-19, chronic pain, and others8,9. At the same time, TCM has a long history in treating AR, with a holistic approach that considers the overall balance of the body. Traditional Chinese medicine formulas are compound prescriptions considered highly effective in AR treatment10,11. These formulas often aim to tackle the root cause of the disease, not just the symptoms, by regulating the body's internal environment and strengthening its resistance to external pathogens. For instance, the Bimin Formula (BMF), consisting of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction and Yupingfeng Powder, is one of the most commonly used TCM formulas for AR12.

External TCM therapies, such as acupoint application and Gua Sha, have shown favourable therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of AR13,14. For acupoint application, a classic formula comprising Xixin (Asarum sieboldii), Ganjiang (Zingiber officinale), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia divaricata), and Baijiezi (Sinapis alba) in a 1:1:1:2 ratio is used. Each 3 g dose, ground into powder and mixed with warm vinegar to form a 0.5 cm thick paste, is applied to acupoints like Yingxiang (LI20), Bishu (BL12), and Feishu (BL13) once daily for 4-6 h (2-3 h for sensitive skin), with a 10-day course followed by a 3-day interval. Gua Sha, performed with a 5-8 cm buffalo horn scraper and sesame oil, targets the Bladder Meridian from Dazhui (GV14) to Feishu (BL13) and the Large Intestine Meridian from Hegu (LI4) to Quchi (LI11) once every 3 days for 10-15 min until mild redness appears. These therapies promote the flow of qi and blood by stimulating specific points on the body, thereby alleviating AR symptoms. Acupuncture, another TCM modality, has also been shown in several studies to effectively reduce AR symptoms and improve quality of life15. It involves 0.25 mm × 25 mm filiform needles inserted obliquely into Yingxiang (LI20) (0.3-0.5 cun) and perpendicularly into points like Bitong, Hegu (LI4), Lieque (LU7), and Fengmen (BL12) (0.5-1 cun) to induce deqi, retained for 20-30 min; treatments are administered once every other day (twice weekly for moderate-severe cases) over 10-session courses.

The integration of TCM and Western medicine in the treatment of AR has gained increasing attention in recent years. Integrated medicine can maximize the advantages of the collaborative mechanisms of the two medical systems. From the perspectives of immunity and inflammation, Western medicine uses antihistamines or hormones to block IgE-mediated allergic reactions16. Traditional Chinese medicine focuses on overall conditioning; for example, Yupingfeng San regulates the body's immunity and corrects the Th1/Th2 imbalance3. The combination of the two approaches can not only provide rapid symptom relief but also improve the body's overall condition and enhance the therapeutic effect. This integrated method, therefore, offers a more comprehensive and effective treatment option for patients with AR. Moreover, some studies suggest that integrated treatment may lead to better symptom control and fewer side effects than Western medicine alone17.

However, despite the promising results of individual studies, the clinical evidence is mainly based on small-sample, short-term studies and needs to be verified by multi-centre randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The standards for integrating TCM and Western medicine in nursing practice are not unified, research on biological mechanisms is limited, and there remains a need for more rigorous, large-scale clinical trials to establish the efficacy and safety of integrated TCM and Western medicine approaches for AR. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying the effects of TCM treatments on AR are not fully understood, necessitating further research in this area.

This study adopted a large sample data (enrolling 120 patients with AR admitted to the study centre between March 2020 and December 2021) analysis to comprehensively evaluate the effect of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment from aspects such as symptom improvement, changes in inflammatory indicators, nasal function, and quality of life, and explored the application potential of traditional Chinese external treatment in the nursing of acute rhinitis.

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Protocol

The study was approved by the institutional review board Shanxi Bethune Hospital of the study center in accordance with the revised Declaration of Helsinki (2013). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and their legal guardians prior to participation. The overview of the entire plan is shown in Figure 1.

1. Study design and participant recruitment

  1. Based on the minimum clinically important difference (8.9) of the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20) score reported in previous studies18, set α = 0.05 and β = 0.2.
    NOTE: It was calculated that 50 participants were required in each group. Considering a 20% dropout rate, 60 participants were ultimately included in each group, resulting in a total sample size of 120.
  2. Evenly divide the final sample into two groups: a control group (n = 60) and an observation group (n = 60), using a computer-generated random number sequence.
    NOTE: Patients aged 18-65 years and diagnosed with AR between March 2020 and December 2021 at the study centre were recruited.
  3. Confirm the diagnosis using imaging examinations, nasal endoscopy, and laboratory tests in accordance with the diagnostic criteria outlined in the Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis (2015 edition)19. Perform randomisation by an independent researcher who was not involved in patient care or outcome assessment.

2. Inclusion and exclusion criteria

  1. Include patients who met all of the following criteria:
    1. Patients were diagnosed with AR using imaging examinations, nasal endoscopy, and laboratory testing, in accordance with the diagnostic criteria outlined in the Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis (2015 edition)19.
    2. Patients had not used any relevant therapeutic drugs in the past 3 months. Only include patients who were conscious and able to cooperate with the treatment programme.
  2. Exclude patients who met any of the following criteria:
    1. Exclude patients with liver or kidney dysfunction or a history of stroke. Assess liver and kidney dysfunction via serum biochemical tests: abnormal liver function was indicated by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels exceeding 1.5 times the upper limit or by TBIL levels above the reference range; abnormal renal function was indicated by serum creatinine values outside the reference range or an eGFR < 60 mL/minute/1.73 m². Confirm a history of stroke through medical history and the review of medical records.
    2. Exclude patients with abnormal cardiopulmonary function or cardiopulmonary abnormalities, as well as individuals who were unable to cooperate with the treatment programme. Evaluate abnormal cardiopulmonary function by Electrocardiogram (ECG), (Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), > 400 pg/mL), and echocardiogram (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction < 50%) for cardiac function; evaluate pulmonary function by pulmonary function tests and chest computed tomography (CT)/X-ray. Determine cooperation ability by a standardised communication test; exclude those who were unable to cooperate on two consecutive occasions.
    3. Exclude patients who had used the following drugs within 3 months before enrolment: antihistamines (oral: such as loratadine, cetirizine; nasal spray: such as azelastine), nasal corticosteroids (such as mometasone furoate, fluticasone propionate), immunomodulators (such as omalizumab, cyclosporine), TCM/Chinese patent medicine (such as Xinqin granules, Yupingfeng powder) and long-term antibiotics (such as continuous use of macrolides for ≥2 weeks). Washout period: those who had used the above drugs were allowed to enrol after a 4-week washout period (12 weeks for immunomodulators).
  3. Patient recruitment and data screening
    1. Recruitment channels
      1. Outpatient screening: Set up an AR screening post in the outpatient departments of otolaryngology and allergy. Distribute a preliminary screening questionnaire to patients presenting with symptoms such as sneezing and a runny nose.
      2. Community referral: Establish collaboration with community health service centers to refer patients with preliminary symptoms to the research center.
      3. Database Screening: Extract patients diagnosed with AR in the past year from the hospital's electronic medical record system and invite them to participate via text message or phone call.
    2. Screening steps
      1. Phase 1-Preliminary Screening (10-15 min): Use the Allergic Rhinitis Symptom Rating Scale to confirm that the patient had at least two of the following symptoms: sneezing (≥3 times), clear nasal discharge, nasal congestion and nasal itching, with an attack frequency of ≥4 days per week and a duration of ≥4 weeks. Initial exclusion: Exclude patients with a clear history of hepatic or renal insufficiency, stroke, or cardiopulmonary diseases through the questionnaire, as well as those who had used exclusion drugs in the past 3 months and had not completed the required washout period.
      2. Phase 2-Diagnostic Verification (1-2 days): i) Use sinus CT to evaluate the thickening of the sinus mucosa (≤3 mm was normal, > 3 mm indicated inflammation) and the presence of nasal polyps (excluding interference from structural lesions); ii) perform nasal endoscopy to observe typical manifestations such as pale and oedematous nasal mucosa, enlarged inferior turbinates and clear nasal secretions. Laboratory tests: i) Consider allergen-specific IgE test (skin prick test or serum test) positive when IgE ≥0.35 kUA/ to at least one allergen (such as dust mites or pollen); 2) Use total IgE test (normal range 0-100 IU/mL) with elevated levels supporting the diagnosis of allergy. Guideline comparison: Compare results with the Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis (2015 edition) to confirm the diagnosis based on comprehensive symptoms and examination findings.
      3. Phase 3-Eligibility Confirmation (1-2 days): i) Confirm that no relevant treatment drugs had been used in the past 3 months (or that the washout period had been completed); ii) Ensure the patients passed the cooperation ability test (such as simulating the recording of medication time). Verification of the exclusion criteria: Complete laboratory and imaging examinations of liver and kidney function (serum biochemistry), cardiopulmonary function (ECG, PFT, BNP), and drug use history. All indicators had to be within the normal threshold for inclusion.
        NOTE: Two research physicians should independently review all the data. If the evaluation results are consistent, the patient will be included in the trial. If there are disagreements in the evaluation results, it will be submitted to an expert group for adjudication. Ensure that all enrolled patients sign the informed consent form and are entered into the research database.

3. Methods

  1. Intervention procedures of the control group
    1. Control Group Intervention: Ensure the patients in the control group receive routine Western medicine nursing for 4 weeks, with specific procedures strictly following the Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis (2022 edition) and the standardised nursing process for AR of the study centre. Provide topical medication, health education, and emotional counselling, tailored to the treatment needs of each patient.
    2. Medication Administration: Perform nasal cleansing by administering saline spray into both nostrils three times daily: once in the morning, once at noon, and once in the evening. Apply Glucocorticoid nasal spray (e.g., budesonide) into both nasal passages twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening.
  2. Health education
    1. Instruct patients to wear masks when outdoors to reduce exposure to allergens. Advise them to avoid environments with high pollen counts, such as gardens and parks.
    2. Recommend patients to avoid dusty environments and known allergenic foods according to individual sensitivities. Educate them on recognizing early signs of AR exacerbation and the importance of timely intervention.
  3. Emotional counselling
    1. Ensure patients are engaged in regular conversations to assess emotional well-being. Identify signs of anxiety, depression, or other adverse emotional states through structured dialogue.
    2. Encourage patients to express concerns and worries openly. Implement supportive strategies to alleviate negative emotions.
    3. Educate patients on the chronic nature of AR symptoms and the need for long-term adherence to treatment. Highlight that the improvements in nasal congestion and sneezing might take time.
    4. Reinforce the importance of active patient cooperation in achieving better outcomes. Share success stories of AR management to boost confidence and motivation.
  4. Intervention procedures of the observation group
    1. Observation group intervention: Add the TCM nursing protocol for patients in the observation group in addition to the treatment administered to the control group over 4 weeks. Ensure interventions include herbal nasal rinsing, acupoint herbal application, moxibustion therapy, TCM health care guidance, Qigong exercises, herbal tea consumption, and environmental modification, all tailored to individual TCM syndrome patterns.
    2. Herbal nasal rinsing
      1. Prepare the nasal rinse solution by decocting the following herbs in 600-800 mL of water until reduced to 200-300 mL: Atractylodes macrocephalae rhizoma (10 g), Saposhnikoviae radix (10 g), Astragali radix (15 g), Cicadae periostracum (15 g), Xanthii fructus (6 g), Magnoliae flos (6 g), Menthae herba (6 g), Acori tatarinowii rhizoma (6 g), and Ephedrae herba (6 g).
        NOTE: Patients used a standardised nasal irrigation device (see Table of materials) daily after unified training by nurses. During irrigation, the temperature of the liquid medicine was kept constant at 30-32°C (calibrated by a digital thermometer), the pressure was controlled at 30-50 kPa (about 4.4-7.3 psi), the flow rate was adjusted to 200-250 mL/min, the irrigation time for one side of the nasal cavity lasted 60 s and the total dosage was 500 mL per session.
      2. Load about 100 mL of the cooled solution into a nasal irrigator. Perform bilateral nasal cavity rinsing with gentle pressure to avoid discomfort. Adjust the flow rate if patients experienced coughing or choking.
  5. Acupoint herbal application
    1. Determine the patient's TCM syndrome pattern through clinical assessment. Select the foundational formula for acupoint application as follows: Sinapis semen (10 g), Moschus (10 g), Asari radix and rhizoma (10 g), Pinelliae rhizoma (10 g), and Corydalis rhizoma (10 g).
    2. For patients diagnosed with kidney qi deficiency, add the following herbs to the foundational formula: Epimedii folium (6 g), Zingiberis rhizoma (5 g), Aconitilateralis radix praeparata (5 g), Schisandra chinensis fructus (6 g), and Cistanches herba (5 g).
    3. For patients diagnosed with lung qi deficiency, add the following herbs to the foundational formula: A. radix (5 g), Artemisiae argyi folium (10 g), and E. herba (5 g).
    4. Ground all selected herbs into a fine powder. Mix the powder with fresh ginger juice to form a thick paste or cream. Apply the mixture onto sterile plasters.
    5. Place the plasters on designated acupoints (e.g., Bailao, Yongquan, Sanchu for kidney qi deficiency; Bailao, Feiyu, Tiantu for lung qi deficiency), avoiding areas with ulcers, redness, or swelling. Leave the plasters in place for 4-6 h or until a burning sensation occurs.
    6. Remove the plasters immediately upon discomfort. If irritation occurs, apply emollient cream or vegetable oil to soothe the affected area.
  6. Moxibustion therapy
    1. Locate the acupoints Yingxiang (LI20), Hegu (LI4) and Zusanli (ST36). Perform indirect moxibustion at each acupoint for 15 min per session. Conduct sessions three times per week over 8 weeks.
  7. Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Care Guidance
    1. Provide individualized health guidance based on the patient's condition and level of understanding. Explain the pathogenesis of AR from a TCM perspective.
    2. Describe the mechanisms and benefits of TCM nursing interventions to improve adherence. Advise the patients to avoid allergenic triggers such as pollen, pet dander, dust, and cigarette smoke.
    3. It is recommended that indoor temperature be maintained between 22-25 °C and humidity at 50%-60%. Instruct the patients to avoid visiting homes with pets or using bedding filled with feathers or bran.
  8. Qigong exercises
    1. Teach respiratory-focused Qigong techniques, such as the Six Healing Sounds and Ba Duan Jin. Ensure each movement is clearly demonstrated, and patients are guided through the exercises.
    2. Instruct the patients to practise daily for 15-20 min in a quiet, well-ventilated environment. Encourage regular practice to enhance respiratory function and overall well-being.
  9. Herbal tea consumption
    1. Prescribe personalized herbal teas according to individual TCM syndromes. Instruct the patients on the correct preparation method for each tea formulation. Advise them to consume the tea twice daily unless otherwise specified.
  10. Environmental modification
    1. Guide the patients to modify their home environment to support nasal health. Recommend regular cleaning to reduce dust accumulation.
    2. Suggest the use of high-efficiency particulate air Filter (HEPA) air purifiers to filter airborne allergens. Advise the patients to maintain optimal indoor climate conditions throughout the intervention period.
  11. Blind design
    NOTE: This study adopted a double-blind design, with blinding of patients and outcome assessors.
    1. Patient blinding: Use preparations with the same appearance and smell, or non-invasive sham acupuncture devices (such as blunt retractable sham needles, Park's device) in the intervention group (TCM/acupuncture) and the control group (simulated drugs/sham acupuncture).
      NOTE: All treatments were administered by physicians who did not participate in outcome assessment.
    2. Evaluator blinding: Evaluate efficacy indicators (such as nasal symptom scores and IgE levels) by an independent third-party researcher who has not participated in grouping or intervention procedures.

4. Outcome measures

  1. Evaluation of clinical symptoms and efficacy
    1. Assess clinical symptoms, including sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, nasal itching, eye symptoms, and mucosal oedema, using nasal endoscopy20. Score each symptom on a scale from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating greater severity.
    2. Record symptom scores before treatment and after treatment completion. Classify clinical response using the following criteria: complete response, 100% reduction in total symptom score; partial response, greater than 80% reduction in total symptom score; stable disease, 30%-79% reduction in total symptom score; no response (NR), less than 30% reduction in total symptom score. Calculate the overall response rate (ORR) using the formula: ORR = (total number of cases −number of NR cases) / total number of cases × 100.00%.
  2. Nasal ventilation function assessment
    1. Assess nasal ventilation function using the SNOT-20 Chinese version21. Scores ranged from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating worse nasal function. Compare post-intervention scores between the control and observation groups.
  3. Quality of life assessment
    1. Administer the EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) questionnaire to evaluate quality of life22. Record scores within the range of 0-100, with higher scores indicating better quality of life.
    2. Collect the EQ-5D questionnaire data at four specific time points: before intervention and at 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-intervention. Compare the changes in scores between the two study groups.
    3. Evaluate the sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Calculate the scores according to the standard guidelines, and compare the results between groups.
  4. Inflammatory marker measurement
    1. Collect venous blood samples from patients under sterile conditions. Measure the serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.
    2. Determine the peripheral blood eosinophil count using an automated haematology analyser. Analyse the Regulatory T cell (Treg) percentage via flow cytometry.
  5. Nasal symptom severity
    1. Instruct the patients to rate the severity of nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching using a visual analogue scale ranging from 0 to 10. Record the scores before and after treatment. Compare the pre- and post-intervention scores between the two groups.
  6. Olfactory function assessment
    1. Assess the Olfactory function using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Administer the test according to the standardized procedures. Record the results and analyze for comparison between the two groups.
  7. Medication usage monitoring
    1. Instruct the patients to record daily use of rescue medications such as antihistamines and decongestants. Collect and analyze the medication logs at each follow-up time point. Compare the medication usage trends between the control and observation groups.

5. Statistical analysis

  1. Conduct data analysis with a statistical software package (e.g., SPSS Version 25.0, which is specified in the Table of Materials). Evaluate the normality of continuous variables through the Shapiro-Wilk test.
  2. For normally distributed data, present the results as mean ± standard deviation. Use independent t-tests for between-group comparisons, and paired t-tests for within-group comparisons.
  3. For non-normally distributed data, present the results as median (interquartile range). Use Mann-Whitney U tests for between-group comparisons, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for within-group comparisons.
  4. Analyze the categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. Apply Chi-square tests or Fisher's exact tests as appropriate for categorical data comparisons.
  5. Use repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to evaluate changes over time in continuous variables across multiple time points (e.g., baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months). For repeated measurement data such as efficacy indicators at multiple time points, conduct repeated measures ANOVA, and evaluate the sphericity assumption by Mauchly's test. If the sphericity assumption was violated (P < 0.05), adjust the degrees of freedom using the Greenhouse-Geisser correction (ε < 0.75) or the Huynh-Feldt correction (ε ≥0.75). When the group-time interaction was substantial, further compare the between-group differences at specific time points using simple effect analysis. For non-parametric repeated measurement data, use the Friedman test, and apply the Bonferroni correction for post hoc pairwise comparisons.
  6. Set the significance level at P < 0.05 for all statistical tests. Ensure all analyses were conducted by trained personnel following established statistical guidelines.

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Results

Baseline data

Baseline characteristics were ensured to be comparable between groups before proceeding with intervention analysis. Comparability was confirmed by checking that no statistically significant differences existed in gender distribution, age, body mass index, or eosinophil levels between the observation group and the control group (Table 1).

Comparison of rhinitis symptom scores between the two gro...

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Discussion

The findings of this research demonstrate that integrated TCM and Western medicine nursing interventions substantially enhanced clinical outcomes and quality of life and modulated inflammatory responses in patients with AR.

Allergic rhinitis is a common allergic condition in otorhinolaryngology that damages the nasal mucosa and its function. Clinically, AR is characterized by nasal congestion, persistent runny nose and localized itching. In severe cases, it adversely impacts respiratory functi...

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Disclosures

All of the authors had no personal, financial, commercial, or academic conflicts of interest

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

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Materials

List of materials used in this article
NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Acori tatarinowii rhizoma China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Aconiti lateralis radix praeparata China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs TCM)
Asari radix et rhizoma China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Artemisiae argyi folium China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Astragali radix China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Astragali radix China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Cicadae periostracum China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Corydalis rhizoma China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Cistanches herba China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Ephedrae herba China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Ephedrae herba China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Epimedii folium China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Ginger juiceChina, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Human IL-4 ELISA Kit (PI618)Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)Tool
Human IL-5 ELISA Kit (PI625)Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)Tool
Magnoliae flos China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Menthae herba China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Pinelliae rhizoma China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Saposhnikoviae radix China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Schisandra chinensis fructus China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Sinapis semen China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Xanthii fructusChina, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
Zingiberis rhizoma China, Guangdong, Zhongshan Zhengdexiang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd.Herbs (TCM)
HydroPulse NeoNeilMed, California, USATool
SPSS version 25.0IBM, USAStatistical Software

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