| Arthroscopy system | Arthrex Inc. | Synergy Arthroscopy System | Used for arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and intra-articular inspection. (Alternative: Smith & Nephew 4K Ultra Arthroscopy System) |
| Autologous hamstring tendon graft | Not applicable | Autologous graft | Used for primary ACL reconstruction in all patients. |
| Centrifuge | Eppendorf AG | 5810R Refrigerated Benchtop Centrifuge | Used to separate serum after blood clotting. (Alternative: Thermo Fisher Scientific Sorvall Legend X1R) |
| Cold compression/ice therapy device or ice pack | Breg Inc. | Polar Care Cube Cold Therapy System | Used for swelling and pain control during early postoperative care. |
| CRP assay kit | R&D Systems (Bio-Techne) | Human CRP Quantikine ELISA Kit (DCRP00) | Used to measure serum C-reactive protein levels. |
| Crutches | Medline Industries | MDS80510 Aluminum Adjustable Axillary Crutches | Used for safe transfer, gait training, and weight-bearing control. |
| Doppler ultrasonography system | | | Used to confirm suspected deep venous thrombosis when clinically indicated. |
| Elastic compression dressing | 3M Healthcare | Coban 1582 Self-Adherent Wrap (2" width) | Applied after incision closure for compression and wound protection. |
| Goniometer | Baseline (Fabrication Enterprises) | 12-1000 360° Plastic Goniometer | Used to measure knee flexion and extension angles. |
| IL-6 assay kit | R&D Systems (Bio-Techne) | Human IL-6 Quantikine ELISA Kit (D6050) | Used to measure serum interleukin-6 levels. |
| Knee brace | DonJoy Orthopedics (DJO Global) | Defiance III Post-Op ACL Brace | Used during postoperative protection and rehabilitation instruction. |
| Knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system | Siemens Healthineers | Magnetom Aera 1.5T | Used to confirm ACL injury before enrollment. (Alternative: GE Healthcare Signa HDxt 3.0T) |
| Lysholm Knee Function Scoring Scale | Not applicable | Validated clinical scale | Primary outcome measure for knee function. |
| Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) scale | Not applicable | 0–5 grading scale | Used to grade quadriceps femoris muscle strength. |
| MMP-13 assay kit | R&D Systems (Bio-Techne) | Human MMP-13 Quantikine ELISA Kit (DMP1300) | Used to measure serum matrix metalloproteinase-13 levels. |
| MMP-9 assay kit | R&D Systems (Bio-Techne) | Human MMP-9 Quantikine ELISA Kit (DMP900) | Used to measure serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels. |
| Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) | Not applicable | Validated pain scale | Used to assess postoperative pain. |
| PASS sample size software | NCSS, LLC | PASS 15.0 | Used for sample size estimation. |
| Proprioceptive Function Rating Scale | Not applicable | Validated clinical scale | Used to assess joint position sense and motor sense. |
| Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) | Not applicable | Validated psychological scale | Used to assess anxiety symptoms. |
| Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) | Not applicable | Validated psychological scale | Used to assess depressive symptoms. |
| SPSS statistical software | IBM Corp. | Version 26.0 | Used for statistical analysis. |
| Surgical drain | Cardinal Health | Jackson-Pratt 10Fr Silicone Flat Drain | Placed after reconstruction according to routine practice. |
| TIMP-1 assay kit | R&D Systems (Bio-Techne) | Human TIMP-1 Quantikine ELISA Kit (DTM100) | Used to measure serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels. |
| TNF-α assay kit | R&D Systems (Bio-Techne) | Human TNF-α Quantikine HS ELISA Kit (DTA00C) | Used to measure serum tumor necrosis factor-α levels (high-sensitivity version optimized for serum samples). |
| Venous blood collection tubes | BD Biosciences | Vacutainer 367895 Serum Separator Tubes (SST, 5mL, Red/Gray Cap) | Used to collect fasting venous blood samples. |
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | Not applicable | Validated pain scale | Used to assess postoperative pain. |