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The Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) is a peer reviewed, PubMed-indexed video journal. Our mission is to increase the productivity of scientific research.

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In JoVE (29)

Other Publications (4)

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Articles by Aaron Kolski-Andreaco in JoVE

 JoVE General

Mus Adrenal Chromaffin Cell Isolation


JoVE 129 1/05/2007

1, 2,3, 4, 1, 2,3

1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine (UCI), 2Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 3Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 4Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine (UCI)

Adrenal medullär chromaffin cellodling system är mycket användbara för studier av excitation-sekretion koppling i en in vitro miljö. Detta protokoll illustrerar den metod som används för att dissekera binjurarna och sedan isolera medullär regionen genom strippa bort binjurebarken. Den nedbrytning av medulla i enskilda chromaffin celler är då påvisas.

 JoVE General

Growth Factor-Coated Bead Placering på ryggfenan framhjärnan explants


JoVE 134 1/30/2007

1, 2, 3

1Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine (UCI), 2Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine (UCI), 3Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine (UCI)

Denna video visar två metoder för att förbereda och placera pärlor, som har belagts med tillväxtfaktor på explants av utvecklingsländerna hjärnbarken. Dessa pärlor kan användas för att framkalla rumsligt begränsade genuttryck på utveckling av nervvävnad som framhjärnan explants. Metoder ges för att använda både Affi-Gel pärlor och heparin akryl pärlor.

 JoVE General

Mus Dorsal framhjärnan Explantation Isolering


JoVE 135 1/30/2007

1, 2, 3

1Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine (UCI), 2Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine (UCI), 3Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine (UCI)

Denna video visar protokollet för att isolera och explants odling av musen framhjärnan från embyonic dag 12 möss. Rutiner för borttagning av livmodern, embryon från livmodern, och dissektion av embryon är givna. Förutom en metod för att överföra dessa explants på specialiserade membran som de är odlade visas. Utvecklingen av framhjärnan kan studeras in vitro med hjälp av detta preparat liksom förändringar i genuttryck.

 JoVE General

Kultur av mus neurala prekursorer Stem Cell


JoVE 152 2/25/2007

1, 2, 3, 2

1Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine (UCI), 2Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine (UCI), 3Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine (UCI)

Denna video beskriver den metod som används för isolering av neuroprecursors från utvecklingsländerna cortex av embryonala möss. Förfarandet för att ta bort embryon från livmodern, dissekera den kortikala vävnad, och smälta den isolerade hjärnbarken visas.

 JoVE Editorial

Detta kan i JUPITER


JoVE 3449 5/04/2011

De viktigaste höjdpunkter för våra majnumret inkluderar metoder för att mäta kognition i tyngdlöshet, isolera mygga immunceller, teknik rekombinant sars vacciner och upptäcka tumörer med värmekameror. Dessutom, förfaranden för att isolera neuronala stamceller från mänskliga fostrets hjärna och odling antigen-presenterande leverceller kommer också att släppas.

 JoVE Editorial

Juli 2012: denna månad i JUPITER


JoVE 5010 7/01/2012

1, 2

1JoVE Content Production, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear

Historiskt har Jove, The Journal of visualiserade experiment, främst inriktat på den biomedicinska forskningen och har utvecklat underavdelningar för bioteknik, klinisk och translationell medicin, immunologi och infektion, och neurovetenskap. I juli lanserar JUPITER sin Tillämpad fysik avsnitt, som innehåller olika typer av innehåll från Plasma Physics till materialvetenskap. Vi börjar det nya avsnitt med en noterbar artikel från Purdue University, där forskare vid Centrum för Laser-Based Manufacturing studerar.

 JoVE Editorial

Augusti 2012: denna månad i JUPITER


JoVE 5016 8/01/2012

1, 2

1Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 2JoVE Content Production

Traditionell mikroskopi kräver linser mål att förstora exemplar, och kan innebära många optiska komponenter som ytterligare mål, filter och speglar att bryta och styra ljus till optiska sensorer. Det augusti 2012 frågan av Jove (Journal of visualiserade experiment) präglas av den tredje publikation från Ozcan Lab (University of California, Los Angeles) på sin objektiv utan lins-free "on-chip" mikroskopi plattform som de har banat väg.

 JoVE Editorial

September 2012: Den här månaden i JUPITER


JoVE 5022 9/01/2012

1, 2

1Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 2JoVE Content Production

Detta september i Jove, forskare från School of Medicine vid Fria universitetet i Berlin visar en ny metod för att studera hur strokepatienter kompensera för synfältsdefekter. För att göra detta, våra författare använder sig av en körsimulator komplett med bromsar, en ratt och blinkers. Använda körning simuleringsprogram och sofistikerad ögonstyrning, kan forskarna jämföra blicken beteende strokepatienter när de navigerar genom virtuella vägbeskriving kurser med varierande komplexitet. Även bakre cerebral artär infarkt kan leda till liknande visuella underskott hos patienter, en del kan navigera genom de drivande kurser genom att utveckla kompenserande ögonrörelser, medan andra krascha in i farliga hinder, som vildsvin. Genom analys av kompenserande blick beteende anställd av patienter, våra författare ser en stor potential för att använda drivande simulering som ett verktyg för att rehabilitera strokepatienter försöker övervinna de blinda fläckarna i deras visuella fields.

Other articles by Aaron Kolski-Andreaco on PubMed

SK3-1C, a Dominant-negative Suppressor of SKCa and IKCa Channels

The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Feb, 2004  |  Pubmed ID: 14638680

Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, products of the SK1-SK3 genes, regulate membrane excitability both within and outside the nervous system. We report the characterization of a SK3 variant (SK3-1C) that differs from SK3 by utilizing an alternative first exon (exon 1C) in place of exon 1A used by SK3, but is otherwise identical to SK3. Quantitative RT-PCR detected abundant expression of SK3-1C transcripts in human lymphoid tissues, skeletal muscle, trachea, and salivary gland but not the nervous system. SK3-1C did not produce functional channels when expressed alone in mammalian cells, but suppressed SK1, SK2, SK3, and IKCa1 channels, but not BKCa or KV channels. Confocal microscopy revealed that SK3-1C sequestered SK3 protein intracellularly. Dominant-inhibitory activity of SK3-1C was not due to a nonspecific calmodulin sponge effect since overexpression of calmodulin did not reverse SK3-1C-mediated intracellular trapping of SK3 protein, and calmodulin-Ca2+-dependent inactivation of CaV channels was not affected by SK3-1C overexpression. Deletion analysis identified a dominant-inhibitory segment in the SK3-1C C terminus that resembles tetramerization-coiled-coiled domains reported to enhance tetramer stability and selectivity of multimerization of many K+ channels. SK3-1C may therefore suppress calmodulin-gated SKCa/IKCa channels by trapping these channel proteins intracellularly via subunit interactions mediated by the dominant-inhibitory segment and thereby reduce functional channel expression on the cell surface. Such family-wide dominant-negative suppression by SK3-1C provides a powerful mechanism to titrate membrane excitability and is a useful approach to define the functional in vivo role of these channels in diverse tissues by their targeted silencing.

A Drosophila Protein Specific to Pheromone-sensing Gustatory Hairs Delays Males' Copulation Attempts

Current Biology : CB. Jun, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16753571

In insects, increasing evidence suggests that small secreted pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) and odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are important for normal olfactory detection of airborne pheromones and odorants far from their source. In contrast, it is unknown whether extracellular ligand binding proteins participate in perception of less volatile chemicals, including many pheromones, that are detected by direct contact with chemosensory organs. CheB42a, a small Drosophila melanogaster protein unrelated to known PBPs or OBPs, is expressed and likely secreted in only a small subset of gustatory sensilla on males' front legs, the site of gustatory perception of contact pheromones. Here we show that CheB42a is expressed specifically in the sheath cells surrounding the taste neurons expressing Gr68a, a putative gustatory pheromone receptor for female cuticular hydrocarbons that stimulate male courtship. Surprisingly, however, CheB42a mutant males attempt to copulate with females earlier and more frequently than control males. Furthermore, CheB42a mutant males also attempt to copulate more frequently with other males that secrete female-specific cuticular hydrocarbon pheromones, but not with females lacking cuticular hydrocarbons. Together, these data indicate that CheB42a is required for a normal gustatory response to female cuticular hydrocarbon pheromones that modulate male courtship.

Kv1.3 Channels Are a Therapeutic Target for T Cell-mediated Autoimmune Diseases

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Nov, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 17088564

Autoreactive memory T lymphocytes are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here we demonstrate that disease-associated autoreactive T cells from patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are mainly CD4+ CCR7- CD45RA- effector memory T cells (T(EM) cells) with elevated Kv1.3 potassium channel expression. In contrast, T cells with other antigen specificities from these patients, or autoreactive T cells from healthy individuals and disease controls, express low levels of Kv1.3 and are predominantly naïve or central-memory (T(CM)) cells. In T(EM) cells, Kv1.3 traffics to the immunological synapse during antigen presentation where it colocalizes with Kvbeta2, SAP97, ZIP, p56(lck), and CD4. Although Kv1.3 inhibitors [ShK(L5)-amide (SL5) and PAP1] do not prevent immunological synapse formation, they suppress Ca2+-signaling, cytokine production, and proliferation of autoantigen-specific T(EM) cells at pharmacologically relevant concentrations while sparing other classes of T cells. Kv1.3 inhibitors ameliorate pristane-induced arthritis in rats and reduce the incidence of experimental autoimmune diabetes in diabetes-prone (DP-BB/W) rats. Repeated dosing with Kv1.3 inhibitors in rats has not revealed systemic toxicity. Further development of Kv1.3 blockers for autoimmune disease therapy is warranted.

Modulators of Small- and Intermediate-conductance Calcium-activated Potassium Channels and Their Therapeutic Indications

Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17584055

Calcium-activated potassium channels modulate calcium signaling cascades and membrane potential in both excitable and non-excitable cells. In this article we will review the physiological properties, the structure activity relationships of the existing peptide and small molecule modulators and the therapeutic importance of the three small-conductance channels KCa2.1-KCa2.3 (a.k.a. SK1-SK3) and the intermediate-conductance channel KCa3.1 (a.k.a. IKCa1). The apamin-sensitive KCa2 channels contribute to the medium afterhyperpolarization and are crucial regulators of neuronal excitability. Based on behavioral studies with apamin and on observations made in several transgenic mouse models, KCa2 channels have been proposed as targets for the treatment of ataxia, epilepsy, memory disorders and possibly schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. In contrast, KCa3.1 channels are found in lymphocytes, erythrocytes, fibroblasts, proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelium and intestinal and airway epithelia and are therefore regarded as targets for various diseases involving these tissues. Since two classes of potent and selective small molecule KCa3.1 blocker, triarylmethanes and cyclohexadienes, have been identified, several of these postulates have already been validated in animal models. The triarylmethane ICA-17043 is currently in phase III clinical trials for sickle cell anemia while another triarylmethane, TRAM-34, has been shown to prevent vascular restenosis in rats and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Experiments showing that a cyclohexadiene KCa3.1 blocker reduces infarct volume in a rat subdural hematoma model further suggest KCa3.1 as a target for the treatment of traumatic and possibly ischemic brain injury. Taken together KCa2 and KCa3.1 channels constitute attractive new targets for several diseases that currently have no effective therapies.

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