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In JoVE (1)
Other Publications (7)
- AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
- Radiology
- Radiology
- Conference Proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference
- NMR in Biomedicine
- Journal of Child Neurology
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
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Articles by Stephen Dashnaw in JoVE
JoVE General
सुदृढीकरण, Eyetracking, और शारीरिक निगरानी के साथ कार्यात्मक इमेजिंग
1Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, 2Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 3Department of Radiology, Columbia University
इस प्रस्तुति में fMRI का उपयोग करने के लिए तंत्रिका सर्किट कि निर्णय लेने आबाद अध्ययन को दर्शाता है. सरल अवधारणात्मक कार्य appetitive और aversive reinforcements के साथ संयुक्त जांच करने के लिए कैसे परिणामों निर्णय प्रक्रिया को प्रभावित.
Other articles by Stephen Dashnaw on PubMed
Breast Lesions Detected on MR Imaging: Features and Positive Predictive Value
The purpose of this study was to analyze features of breast lesions detected on MR imaging that had subsequent biopsy and to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of these features.
Feasibility of Stent Placement in Carotid Arteries with Real-time MR Imaging Guidance in Pigs
All examinations were performed with approval from the institutional animal care and use committee of Columbia University. To assess the feasibility of real-time magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided neurovascular intervention in a swine model, the authors placed stents in the carotid arteries of five domestic pigs. Seven-French vascular sheaths were placed in the target carotid arteries via femoral access by using active MR tracking. Ten nitinol stents (8-10 x 20-40 mm) were successfully deployed in the target segments of carotid arteries bilaterally. MR imaging and necropsy findings confirmed stent position. Necropsy revealed no gross vascular injury. Study results demonstrated the feasibility of performing real-time MR imaging-guided neurovascular intervention by using an active-tracking technique in an animal model.
Transfemoral Catheterization of Carotid Arteries with Real-time MR Imaging Guidance in Pigs
All procedures and protocols were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee of Columbia University. To determine whether transfemoral catheterization of the carotid arteries can be performed entirely with real-time magnetic resonance (MR) imaging guidance, the authors catheterized the carotid arteries in six domestic pigs by using active-tracking catheters and guidewires and MR tracking software created for neurovascular procedures. The carotid arteries were successfully catheterized 24 times, on average within 5 minutes after insertion of the catheter into the femoral artery. Results demonstrated the feasibility of performing transfemoral catheterization of the carotid arteries with active MR tracking devices in a conventional MR imaging unit.
Sequential Acquisition and Processing of Perfusion and Diffusion MRI Data for a Porcine Stroke Model
An automated data processing pipeline, designed for handling a large throughput of sequentially acquired MRI brain data, is described. The system takes as input multiple diffusion weighted (DWI) and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) volumes acquired at different temporal points, automatically segments and registers them, and ultimately outputs a database used to track various perfusion and diffusion parameters through time at individual brain voxels. This pipeline has been utilized to successfully process two pig brains from an induced stroke experiment.
Reproducibility of Single- and Multi-voxel 1H MRS Measurements of Intramyocellular Lipid in Overweight and Lean Subjects Under Conditions of Controlled Dietary Calorie and Fat Intake
The reproducibility of repeated single-voxel 1H MRS (SV-MRS) and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) measurements of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) in the tibialis anterior muscle of five lean and five overweight female Caucasians, during 7 days of controlled dietary fat and calorie intake, was assessed at 1.5 T. Duplicate measures of IMCL relative to total muscle creatine (IMCL/tCr) obtained 3 days apart by both SV-MRS and MRSI correlated well (r = 0.65 and r = 0.95, respectively, P < 0.05). The coefficients of variation for repeated measures of IMCL/tCr by SV-MRS and MRSI were 24.4% and 10.7%, respectively. IMCL/tCr measured by MRSI was higher in overweight subjects than in lean subjects (8.3 +/- 3.8 vs 4.3 +/- 2.4, P < 0.05). Although both methods achieved good reproducibility in measuring IMCL in vivo, MRSI was found to offer greater flexibility and reliability, and higher sensitivity to IMCL differences, whereas SV-MRS was advantageous with respect to shorter scan time and ease of implementation.
Thigh Muscle Volume Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging is Stable over a 6-month Interval in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Changes in thigh muscle volume over 6 months were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging in 11 subjects aged 6 to 47 years with spinal muscular atrophy (4 type 2 and 7 type 3; 4 ambulatory and 3 nonambulatory). Muscle volume with normal and abnormal signal was measured using blinded, semiautomated analysis of reconstructed data. Volumes at baseline and 6 months were correlated with clinical function at each epoch. There was minimal increase in normal (0.3 ± 1.4 mL/cm) and total (0.1 ± 1.3 mL/cm) muscle. Muscle volume correlated closely with clinical function. Minimal interval change in muscle volume is consistent with the established clinical history of minimal disease progression over intervals shorter than 1 year. Relative constancy of muscle volume estimation and correlation with established functional measures suggest a role for segmental magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker of treatment effect in future therapeutic trials.
Distinct but Overlapping Neural Networks Subserve Depression and Insecure Attachment
Insecure attachment has been linked to depression and to outcome in psychotherapy. The neural mechanisms subserving the relationship between attachment security and depression are not well understood. We have developed a method to examine attachment-related brain activity in depression. Twenty-eight women, half depressed, viewed images of their mother, a female friend, and female strangers during fMRI scanning. The effects of depression and insecure attachment were determined with whole-brain multiple linear regression of blood-oxygen-level-dependent response against subjects' Beck Depression Inventory and Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) coherence of mind scores. Interaction effects were analyzed with ANOVA. Activity associated with depression and with insecure attachment was found in the cortico-striato-thalamic circuits of affect regulation. For early attachment (mother-friend contrast), depression scores correlated with activation of cortical and sub-cortical components of these circuits, while attachment insecurity correlated with sub-cortical activity in the same circuitry. Depression and attachment insecurity correlated with both cortical and sub-cortical activities for mother-stranger, and areas of overlap and of enhancing interactions between depression and insecure attachment were found. For late attachment (friend-stranger contrast), only cortical effects were found. Depression and attachment insecurity may be subserved by similar but distinct components of affect regulating circuits. Their interactions may explain the greater difficulty of treating depression in insecurely attached patients and suggest a contributing role for insecure attachment in depression. Further, differential sub-cortical vs cortical encoding of early vs late attachment suggests a top-down model of late attachment, potentially relevant to psychotherapeutic outcome.
