Name: protein complex formation and function
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T18:28:42.000Z
Duration: 2 min 41 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Next Generation Science Standards

High School

Life Science

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

HS-LS1-1

Protein Complex Assembly

معظم البروتينات لا تعمل

<ol>
	<li>كلوغ ، آرون. "جسيم فيروس فسيفساء التبغ: الهيكل والتجميع". المعاملات الفلسفية للجمعية الملكية في لندن. السلسلة ب: العلوم البيولوجية 354 ، رقم 1383 (1999): 531-535.</li>
	<li>ليفنه ، إيدو ، فيكتوريا كوهين كابلان ، تشين كوهين روزنزويج ، نوا أفني ، وآرون سيشانوفر. "دورة حياة البروتيازوم 26S: منذ الولادة ، من خلال التنظيم والوظيفة ، وحتى موته." أبحاث الخلية 26 ، العدد 8 (2016): 869-885.</li>
	<li>Makhnevych و Taras و Walid A. Houry. "دور Hsp90 في تجميع مركب البروتين". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - أبحاث الخلايا الجزيئية 1823 ، العدد 3 (2012): 674-682.</li>
	<li>ناتان ، إيفيتار ، جوناثان ن. ويلز ، سارة أ. تيشمان ، وجوزيف أ. مارش. "التنظيم والتطور وعواقب تجميع مركب البروتين الانتقالي". الرأي الحالي في علم الأحياء الهيكلي 42 (2017): 90-97.</li>
</ol>

تجميع مركب البروتين

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يمكن للبروتينات أن تشكل مجمعات متجانسة مع وحدة أخرى من نفس البروتين أو مجمعات غير متجانسة بأنواع مختلفة. تتجمع معظم مجمعات البروتين ذاتيًا تلقائيًا عبر مسارات مرتبة، بينما تحتاج بعض البروتينات إلى عوامل تجميع توجه تجميعها الصحيح. على الرغم من البيئة المزدحمة داخل الخلايا، تتفاعل البروتينات عادة مع شركائها الصحيحين وتشكل مجمعات وظيفية.

تتجمع العديد من الفيروسات ذاتيًا في وحدة تعمل بكامل طاقتها باستخدام الخلية المضيفة المصابة لإنتاج جميع المكونات الضرورية. يعد فيروس فسيفساء التبغ (TMV) مثالًا كلاسيكيًا على مجمع ذاتي التجميع من وحدات البروتين الفرعية والحمض النووي الريبي (RNA). تعد عملية التجميع الذاتي TMV هي الأساس لبعض جزيئات الفيروس العلاجية المصممة لتوصيل الدواء.

بعض مجمعات البروتين تتجمع ذاتيًا فقط بسبب الطفرات أو الاضطرابات. الهيموجلوبين، البروتين الذي يحمل الأكسجين الموجود في خلايا الدم الحمراء، هو رباعي مكون من وحدتين فرعيتين من ألفا ووحدتين فرعيتين من بيتا. ومع ذلك، في فقر الدم المنجلي، تحل طفرة نقطة واحدة محل الحمض الأميني المحب للماء - الجلوتاميك أسيد الجلوتامين بحمض أميني كاره للماء وهو الفالين.. يؤدي هذا إلى إنشاء بقع لزجة كارهة للماء على الجوانب المقابلة لرباعي الهيموجلوبين. في بيئة الخلية المائية، تلتصق البقع الكارهة للماء الموجودة على جزيئات الهيموجلوبين المختلفة، وتتجمع في ألياف طويلة وصلبة. تعمل هذه الألياف على تغيير شكل خلايا الدم الحمراء من الشكل الكروي إلى الشكل الهلالي.

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يمكن أن تشكل البروتينات مجمعات متجانسة مع وحدة أخرى من نفس البروتين أو المجمعات غير المتجانسة بأنواع مختلفة. معظم مجمعات البروتين ...

Education

JoVE Core

Cell Biology

بيولوجيا الخلية

Unit 1

الوحدة الأولى

Protein Structure

بنية البروتين

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

المصطلحات والمفاهيم الأساسية

protein complex formation and function

Protein complex formation explains how proteins join together to carry out specific jobs in cells. These groups are called protein complexes, and they can form in more than one way. Some complexes are homomeric, which means they contain the same kind of protein subunit. Others are heteromeric, which means they contain different protein subunits.

The assembly process helps show how protein shape and subunit choice affect function. When proteins combine, the resulting complex can behave differently from a single protein working alone. Understanding this process is important for studying how cells build active molecular machines and organize their internal work.

Protein Complex Formation and Function

what are proteins?

Protein Building Blocks and Folding

Proteins are built from amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Long chains of amino acids are often called polypeptides, and the terms proteins and polypeptides are sometimes used the same way. In this context, polypeptides with a molecular weight below 10,000 daltons are called polypeptides, while proteins have a higher molecular weight. Very short chains with fewer than 20 amino acids are called peptides or oligopeptides. Amino acids are the basic units of proteins. Each amino acid has a...

protein organization

Protein Folding Levels and Bonds

Proteins are built from amino acids and folded into shapes that support many cell jobs. They help with DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Their function depends on how their amino acids are arranged and folded. Protein structure is organized in levels. The primary structure is the amino acid sequence in a polypeptide chain. Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds, and the chain has two ends: the amino terminus, or N-terminus, and the carboxyl terminus, or...

protein folding

How Amino Acid Sequence Shapes Proteins

Proteins get their shape from the order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. After a protein is made, the chain folds into a three-dimensional form that is needed for it to work. The way amino acids interact with one another guides this folding. Protein structure matters because proteins do many jobs in cells. They can speed up chemical reactions, help with immune defense, store materials, carry substances, send cell signals, support movement, and provide structure. A protein usually works...

protein families

Protein Families and Superfamilies

Protein families and superfamilies group proteins with shared features. These groups help scientists organize proteins by common structure, function, or evolutionary history. The classification can show how related proteins are connected across different organisms. A protein family usually includes proteins that are closely related. A superfamily is a broader group that can include several families with more distant relationships. These categories help explain why some proteins share similar...

conservation of protein domains

Protein Domains Shared Across Proteins

Protein domains are shared structural and functional parts of proteins. A domain is a region that can often be found in more than one protein, even when the full proteins are different. This conservation means that a protein domain may keep a similar shape or role across related proteins. Because of that, scientists can compare proteins by looking for domains that stay the same. Conserved domains help reveal how proteins are related and how they may work. The topic of protein domain...

globular and fibrous proteins

Protein Shapes: Globular vs Fibrous

Proteins can have globular or fibrous shapes, and these shapes help explain how they work in the body. Globular proteins are compact and usually fold into rounded forms. Fibrous proteins are long, extended molecules that often provide support and structure. The shape of a protein is tied to its function. Globular proteins often take part in chemical jobs in cells, while fibrous proteins are better suited for strength and stability. These structural differences make the two groups easy to...

intrinsically disordered proteins

Flexible Protein Regions and Disorder

Intrinsically disordered proteins have flexible regions that do not settle into one fixed shape. Instead, these proteins can remain dynamic and change form as they move through the cell. This flexibility is an important part of their structure and function. Many proteins need a stable folded shape to work properly. Intrinsically disordered proteins are different because they may lack a single rigid structure under normal conditions. Their shifting shape can help them take part in cell...

protein complex assembly

Protein complex formation explains how proteins join together to carry out specific jobs in cells. These groups are called protein complexes, and they can form in more than one way. Some complexes are homomeric, which means they contain the same kind of protein subunit. Others are heteromeric, which means they contain different protein subunits. The assembly process helps show how protein shape and subunit choice affect function. When proteins combine, the resulting complex can behave...

conjugated proteins

Conjugated Proteins and Their Bound Groups

Conjugated proteins are proteins that include a nonprotein part called a prosthetic group. This added group helps give the protein its full structure or function. The video explains how the protein part and the bound group work together. Several common types of conjugated proteins are named by the kind of group attached. Nucleoproteins contain nucleic acids. Glycoproteins contain carbohydrate groups, and lipoproteins contain lipid groups. Other examples include phosphoproteins, which have...

amyloid fibrils

Amyloid Fibrils and Protein Aggregation

Amyloid fibrils are protein aggregates with a very specific structure. They are made when proteins misfold and stick together in long, ordered fibers. This structure makes them different from many other protein clumps. Amyloid fibrils are important in biology because they are linked to protein aggregation. Protein aggregation means proteins build up into groups instead of staying properly folded and separate. In many cases, this process is associated with disease and abnormal cell function. <br...

key terms and concepts

Learn how protein complexes form from homomeric and heteromeric subunits, and how assembly changes protein function in cells.

Protein Complex Formation and Function | JoVE K12

cell biology

JoVE Core Cell Biology illustrates complex cellular processes in easy-to-understand yet comprehensive animated video lessons. This collection focuses on the essential components and functions of cells, including organelles and membranes, cellular transport, and cell energetics. It is complemented by scientist-in-action videos that demonstrate the application of cell biology in real-world research experiments.

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Globular and Fibrous Proteins

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Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Ribosomes

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Protein and Protein Structures

Conjugated Proteins

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

Amyloid Fibrils

What are Proteins?

Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Proteins and polypeptides are interchangeably used to refer to long chains of amino ...

Ligand Binding Sites

Protein Organization

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Protein-Protein Interfaces

Protein Folding

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protein-complexes-with-interchangeable-parts

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

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Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins, which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells. [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include identification of specific cell or tissue types, whole body systems, specific protein structures and functions, or the biochemistry of protein synthesis.]

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HS-LS1-2

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HS-LS1-3

Protein Complex Formation and Function

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