Five Hole Nose Poke
Five Hole Nose Poke - Related Videos
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Source: Richard Glickman-Simon, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, MA This video provides an overview of sinus, nose, and throat examinations. The demonstration begins with a brief overview of the anatomy of the region. The upper third of the nose is bony, and the bottom two-thirds are cartilaginous. Air entering the nares passes through the nasal vestibules and into the narrow passageway between the nasal septum...
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The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
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Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s. Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light. Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
00:09
Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole
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Cited by 14 •
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The goal of the protocol is to enable visualization of the detailed flow fields and determination of the near-boundary shear and normal stresses within an equilibrium scour hole induced by a vibrating pipeline.
FAQs
These response categories separate different aspects of performance. A correct response indicates that the rodent detected the illuminated location and acted at the appropriate aperture. A premature response reflects action before the required stimulus-guided choice, whereas an omission indicates no qualifying response within the trial interval. Together, the measures help distinguish attention, response inhibition, and task engagement.
The task links a brief visual event to a time-limited motor choice, requiring the animal to withhold irrelevant actions and respond to the appropriate location. This arrangement makes performance sensitive to both stimulus detection and response timing. Consequently, researchers can examine cognitive control through errors involving missed stimuli, incorrect choices, or actions made before the permitted response.
Although food reward motivates participation, performance also depends on visual attention and controlled responding. The animal must monitor multiple possible locations, identify the relevant stimulus, and direct its nose poke to the matching aperture. This combination allows the assay to probe attentional selection, response inhibition, motivation, and broader aspects of cognitive control within one behavioral procedure.
The five-choice serial reaction time task imposes a defined relationship among stimulus location, response timing, and reward delivery. An animal cannot obtain the intended outcome simply by poking indiscriminately, because responses are classified according to whether they match the illuminated aperture and occur within the specified interval. The structured contingencies make the assay suitable for analyzing cognitive performance.
A trial presents illumination in one of the five apertures. The rodent must insert its nose into the illuminated hole within the specified response interval to receive a food reward. The apparatus records the resulting behavior, including a correct response, a premature action, or an omission. These trial-level outcomes are then used to characterize performance across the task.
Researchers can quantify how accurately and consistently rodents respond to visual stimuli under response-timing demands. Correct responses provide evidence of successful stimulus-guided behavior, while premature responses and omissions identify distinct performance failures. Comparing these outcomes across experimental conditions can reveal changes in attention, inhibition, motivation, or cognitive control after drugs or brain manipulations.
The procedure is useful when investigators need a behavioral measure that connects visual attention with response inhibition and reward-guided action. It supports studies of learning and cognitive control, including research relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders. Because performance can be recorded during drug administration or after brain manipulation, the assay also helps evaluate how such interventions alter behavior.