Peg Conjugation
Peg Conjugation - Related Videos
07:50
Electrophysiology of Scorpion Peg Sensilla
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Cited by 4 •
2011
This article describes an electrophysiological method for isolating chemical stimulation to individual sensilla via extracellular, tip-recordings under mineral oil.
06:41
A Peg Plate Biofilm Assay for Screening Antibacterial Agents
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2025
This video demonstrates an assay for screening antimicrobial compounds that efficiently eliminate biofilms using a peg-plate. The methodology monitors the biofilm's metabolic state after treatment with antimicrobial compounds, facilitating the determination of the minimum biofilm eradication concentration.
02:50
Conjugated Proteins
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2020
Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties. Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
10:18
Making Conjugation-induced Fluorescent PEGylated Virus-like Particles by Dibromomaleimide-disulfide Chemistry
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Cited by 12 •
2018
Here, we present a procedure to fluorescently functionalize the disulfides on Qβ VLP with dibromomaleimide. We describe Qβ expression and purification, the synthesis of dibromomaleimide-functionalized molecules, and the conjugation reaction between dibromomaleimide and Qβ. The resulting yellow fluorescent conjugated particle can be used as a fluorescence probe inside cells.
04:54
Efficient Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Mediated Transformation of the Moss Physcomitrella patens
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Cited by 60 •
2011
A simple and efficient method to transform Physcomitrella pantens protoplasts is described. This method is adapted from protocols for Physocmitrella protonemal protoplast and Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplast transformation1.
FAQs
Activated PEG provides a reactive handle that can interact with nucleophilic sites on a target molecule. In the examples described, lysine amino groups and cysteine thiols serve as these nucleophiles, allowing formation of a stable covalent linkage. This chemical pairing connects the polymer to proteins, peptides, drugs, or nanoparticles while preserving the purpose of the modification.
The attached chains increase hydrophilicity, meaning the modified molecule interacts more readily with water, while also creating steric shielding around the conjugated material. That shielding can reduce access by degradative enzymes and alter how the molecule behaves in biological environments. Consequently, PEG modification may improve solubility, stability, circulation time, and resistance to enzymatic degradation.
These groups provide different nucleophilic sites for reaction with chemically activated PEG. Their presence on the target molecule determines which type of chemical interaction can form the linkage, while controlled reaction conditions support stable attachment. Considering available lysine or cysteine groups helps connect the chosen PEG reagent with the intended protein, peptide, drug, or nanoparticle target.
The outcome depends on the chemical activation of PEG, the nucleophilic groups available on the target, and the reaction conditions used to promote linkage formation. These variables determine whether attachment occurs through amino groups or thiols and influence how the resulting conjugate expresses PEG-associated changes in solubility, stability, enzymatic protection, and biological persistence.
A basic workflow starts by selecting the molecule to be modified and identifying an appropriate chemically activated PEG reagent. The reagent is then combined with the target under controlled conditions so that available lysine amino groups or cysteine thiols can react. The resulting stable linkage produces a PEG-modified molecule designed for a specific physicochemical or biological improvement.
Researchers apply the approach when a protein, peptide, drug, or nanoparticle requires improved behavior in a biological setting. The modification can support greater solubility, enhanced stability, longer circulation time, or increased resistance to enzymatic degradation. These outcomes make PEG conjugation relevant to protein therapeutics, drug delivery systems, and other biomedical applications.