Viral Sequence Detection
Viral Sequence Detection - Related Videos
03:20
Nested-PCR to Detect a Specific Viral Genomic Sequence
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2025
This video describes nested polymerase chain reaction, a technique that consists of two sequential PCR amplification processes using two primer sets. The first set of primers is intended to anneal to sequences upstream of the second set, resulting in selective amplification of specific gene sequences. This PCR is more sensitive and specific than a normal PCR and is widely used as a detection technique for various diseases.
09:45
Detection of Copy Number Alterations Using Single Cell Sequencing
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Cited by 9 •
2017
Single cell sequencing is an increasingly popular and accessible tool for addressing genomic changes at high resolution. We provide a protocol that uses single cell sequencing to identify copy number alterations in single cells.
05:04
Viral Antigen Microarray Assay to Detect Antibody Isotypes in Serum Against Viral Antigen
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate the process for detecting antibody isotypes in multiple human serum samples using a microarray slide printed with antigenic subtypes of influenza virus strains.
02:37
Detection of Zika Viral dsRNA Replication Intermediates Using Immunocytochemistry
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2026
Source: Contreras, D., et al. Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons. J. Vis. Exp. (2016)The video demonstrates the detection of Zika viral dsRNA intermediates in infected epithelial cells using immunocytochemistry. Infected cells are fixed and then blocked with a blocking solution. The primary and secondary antibodies are added. The nuclei are stained with a fluorescent dye. The labeled viral dsRNA is then seen under a fluorescence...
10:16
Detection of Viral RNA by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)
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Cited by 35 •
2012
A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was developed to visually detect viral genomic RNA using fluorescence microscopy. A probe is made with specificity to the viral RNA that can then be identified using a combination of hybridization and immunofluorescence techniques. This technique offers the advantage of identifying the localization of the viral RNA or DNA at steady-state, providing information on the control of intracellular virus trafficking events.
FAQs
Specificity comes from matching primers or probes to a target nucleic acid sequence. Complementary binding directs the assay toward the selected viral sequence rather than treating all nucleic acids in a sample as equivalent. This design allows researchers to screen samples for particular viruses and supports more focused pathogen characterization when a target sequence is known.
The choice depends partly on the nucleic acid being examined and the desired result. PCR amplifies DNA targets, while reverse-transcription PCR is used for RNA viruses. Direct sequencing provides sequence information without relying solely on an amplification-based readout. These options support different goals, including detecting viral presence, characterizing strains, and examining mutations.
Fluorescence can provide a detectable signal indicating that the targeted sequence was amplified and is present in the sample. Sequence reads offer information about the nucleic acid itself, making them useful for strain identification and mutation tracking. Together, these readouts connect initial detection with broader analysis of viral diversity and evolution.
A typical workflow begins with a clinical, environmental, or research sample and applies primers or probes designed to recognize the target sequence. The target is then examined through PCR, reverse-transcription PCR when RNA is involved, or direct sequencing. Finally, fluorescence or sequence data are interpreted to determine whether the viral target is present.
Sequence information allows investigators to examine differences among viral nucleic acid targets rather than recording presence alone. Those differences can support identification of viral strains and tracking of mutations over time. This makes the approach valuable for studying viral evolution and for comparing sequence patterns across samples collected during research or surveillance efforts.
Viral sequence detection is applied to infection monitoring, outbreak surveillance, antiviral studies, and investigations of viral evolution. It can also support screening of clinical or environmental samples and help estimate viral load. In biological techniques, its value comes from linking sensitive target detection with information useful for pathogen characterization and ongoing monitoring.