Amnesia
Amnesia - Related Videos
11:26
Anterograde Amnesia
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Jonas T. Kaplan and Sarah I. Gimbel—University of Southern California Anterograde amnesia is the loss of the ability to form new memories. This can be distinguished from retrograde amnesia, which is the loss of old memories. Anterograde amnesia can result from damage to structures in the brain that are involved in the formation of new memories. Patients who have damage to the structures of the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and the surrounding...
01:13
Amnesia
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2025
Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories. The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde. Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident. Anterograde...
01:21
Dissociative Amnesia
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2025
Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...
14:01
Anesthesia Induction and Maintenance
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2016
Source: Kay Stewart, RVT, RLATG, CMAR; Valerie A. Schroeder, RVT, RLATG. University of Notre Dame, IN The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals ("The Guide") states that pain assessment and alleviation are integral components of the veterinary care of laboratory animals. The definition of anesthesia is the loss of feeling or sensation. It is a dynamic event involving changes in anesthetic depth with respect to an animal's metabolism, surgical stimulation, or variations in the...
06:16
Verbal Priming
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University Human memory seems to work in two broad ways. Like modern computers, the human mind has explicit, or declarative, memory: ask a question, and a person gives the best answer they can. Input a query, and a computer program returns the contents of the relevant parts of its stored memory. Humans also have a second kind of memory system, one not really typical of computers, one that experimental psychologists call implicit. Implicit...
FAQs
The hippocampus and cerebral cortex contribute to different, interacting stages of memory processing. Disruption in their communication can interfere with encoding new experiences or consolidating them into longer-lasting memories. Studying these interactions helps biologists connect specific memory difficulties with the neural systems that support learning and the persistence of experience.
Amnesia research can reveal whether memory disruption affects short-term retention, long-term storage, or the transition between them. This distinction helps researchers analyze encoding and consolidation rather than treating memory as a single process. It also clarifies how separate but interacting brain systems contribute to learning, storage, and later recall.
These causes can interfere with memory-supporting brain systems in different ways, so their effects need not be identical. Injury or disease may disrupt neural structures or networks, while psychological stress or toxic exposure can interfere with their operation. Comparing outcomes helps researchers examine how biological and psychological factors affect memory formation and retrieval.
Sleep and emotion are important research variables because both influence learning and memory. Examining them alongside amnesia can show whether problems arise during initial encoding, later consolidation, or retrieval of experience. This broader view connects memory performance with the conditions under which neural systems organize and preserve information.
Assessment focuses on the pattern of memory difficulty rather than on a single general score. Researchers and clinicians can consider whether a person struggles to form new memories, recall past information, or distinguish short-term from long-term retention. These observations help relate behavior to hippocampal, cortical, and broader memory-network function.
Amnesia provides a natural way to investigate how memory normally works because disruption exposes the functions of processes that are often difficult to observe directly. Comparing affected and preserved abilities helps distinguish encoding, consolidation, storage, and retrieval. This makes amnesia relevant not only to disorders, but also to fundamental biological research on learning.
Understanding which memory processes and brain networks are disrupted can guide the goals of assessment and rehabilitation. A clear distinction between difficulty forming new memories and difficulty recalling earlier information helps organize evaluation and track outcomes. The same biological knowledge can support research into neurological disorders that affect learning, memory, and everyday functioning.
Amnesia links observable changes in behavior with the biology of neural circuits and brain networks. Its study provides evidence about interactions among the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and related systems, while also highlighting effects of sleep, emotion, injury, disease, stress, and toxic exposure. These findings strengthen scientific understanding of memory-related neurological disorders.