Disease Mechanisms
Disease Mechanisms - Related Videos
15:48
ALS - Motor Neuron Disease: Mechanism and Development of New Therapies
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Cited by 1 •
2007
Jeffrey D. Rothstein speaks about the pathology and mechanisms underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS, advances in ALS research, and current strategies towards the development of therapies.
08:09
Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
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Cited by 10 •
2014
Lipoxygenase (LOX) isozymes can generate products that may increase or decrease neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. A gene-environment interaction study could identify LOX isozyme-specific effects. Using the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of nigrostriatal damage in two LOX isozyme-deficient transgenic lines allows for comparison of the contribution of LOX isozymes on dopaminergic integrity and inflammation.
12:45
Mechanical Stimulation of Chondrocyte-agarose Hydrogels
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Cited by 29 •
2012
The biosynthesis of cartilaginous extracellular matrix by chondrocytes can be affected by application of mechanical stimuli. This method describes the technique of applying dynamic compressive strains to chondrocytes encapsulated in 3D constructs and the evaluation of induced changes in chondrocyte metabolism.
03:06
Reaction Mechanisms
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2020
Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs. For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:
05:08
A TNBS-Induced Rodent Model to Study the Pathogenic Role of Mechanical Stress in Crohn's Disease
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Cited by 5 •
2022
The present protocol describes the development of a Crohn's-like colitis model in rodents. Transmural inflammation leads to stenosis at the TNBS instillation site, and mechanical enlargement is observed in the segment proximal to the stenosis. These changes allow studying mechanical stress in colitis.
FAQs
Changes in gene expression can modify which proteins cells produce, while abnormal cell signaling can disrupt how cells respond to surrounding cues. These disturbances may alter normal cellular activities and create downstream effects in tissues or organs. Examining both processes helps researchers connect molecular changes with functional abnormalities and identify points where targeted treatments might intervene.
Inflammation and immune responses can become central components of illness when they alter tissue function or interact with other biological disturbances. Their effects may combine with metabolic imbalance, abnormal signaling, or infectious damage, producing progressively broader changes. Studying these interactions is important because a disease phenotype may reflect several connected processes rather than one isolated molecular defect.
Mechanism-based analysis can reveal that similar clinical problems arise from different molecular or biological disturbances. Researchers may compare altered gene expression, signaling abnormalities, immune activity, metabolic imbalance, or pathogen-driven effects to identify distinct patterns. These patterns support disease classification into subtypes and can help determine which biomarkers or treatment strategies are most relevant to each group.
Biomarkers emerge from measurable biological changes associated with disrupted function or disease progression. Researchers examine molecular events and their effects on tissues or organs, then identify signals that distinguish disease states, subtypes, or stages. Such markers can support classification and monitoring while also indicating which mechanisms may be useful targets for therapeutic investigation.
A mechanism-based investigation begins by examining the biological disturbance, such as altered gene expression, abnormal signaling, inflammation, immune activity, metabolic imbalance, or pathogen-driven damage. Researchers then connect these changes to tissue and organ effects, using experimental models to examine how the disturbance develops and interacts. Therapeutic testing can evaluate whether changing a mechanism alters the disease process.
Experimental models are useful when researchers need to examine how biological disturbances arise, interact, progress, or might be reversed. They provide a setting for connecting molecular events with changes in tissues and organs and for testing potential therapies. In biology, these models also help evaluate prevention strategies before mechanism-based findings are applied to broader disease research.
Following disease progression shows how an initial disturbance can produce later changes in cells, tissues, and organs. This approach links molecular events to clinical symptoms rather than treating symptoms as isolated observations. It can reveal interacting mechanisms, identify stages at which biomarkers become informative, and indicate opportunities for intervention or prevention as the condition develops.
Understanding the processes that drive dysfunction helps researchers focus treatments on relevant biological disturbances rather than relying only on broad disease descriptions. Mechanism-based findings may identify altered signaling, immune activity, metabolic imbalance, or other processes as intervention points. The same knowledge can support prevention by revealing how harmful changes arise and where progression might be interrupted or reversed.