Endogenous Antigens
Endogenous Antigens - Related Videos
04:34
An Immunohistochemistry Staining for the Detection of Rabies Virus Antigens
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2025
This video demonstrates immunohistochemistry staining for rabies virus antigen detection in infected mouse brain tissue. The process includes deparaffinization and alcohol treatment, followed by proteolytic treatment to enhance antigen accessibility. Immunohistochemistry staining reveals red precipitates, confirming the presence of rabies antigens in the tissue section.
06:57
Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
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Cited by 9 •
2016
In this antigen-driven colitis model, OT-II CD4+ T cells expressing a red fluorescent protein were adoptively transferred into RAG-/- mice that express a green fluorescent protein in mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). The hosts were challenged with Escherichia coli (E.coli) expressing the ovalbumin protein (OVA) fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP).
05:35
Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
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Cited by 4 •
2016
Here we report protocols to detect endogenous and exogenous centromere-kinetochore proteins in human cells and quantify these protein levels at centromeres-kinetochores by indirect immunofluorescent staining through the use of fixation (paraformaldehyde, acetone, or methanol fixation).
05:04
Viral Antigen Microarray Assay to Detect Antibody Isotypes in Serum Against Viral Antigen
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate the process for detecting antibody isotypes in multiple human serum samples using a microarray slide printed with antigenic subtypes of influenza virus strains.
01:27
Endogenous Growth Theory
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2025
Economic growth has always intrigued leaders and economists. Older economic theories often saw technology as something that just appeared from outside the economy, without explanation. Endogenous Growth Theory changed that view. It says that growth comes from within, through people’s ideas, skills, and innovation. When individuals and businesses invest in education, research, and new technologies, they actively create the conditions for long-term economic growth.Rethinking Growth: From Capital...
FAQs
The proteasome breaks intracellular proteins into peptide fragments that can enter the antigen-presentation pathway. This processing step links the protein content of a cell to the peptides displayed for immune inspection. Because the source proteins may be normal, viral, or tumor-associated, proteasomal activity helps determine which intracellular conditions become visible to cellular immunity.
TAP transports peptide fragments from the cell interior into the endoplasmic reticulum. This movement places the fragments where they can be loaded onto MHC I molecules before surface display. Consequently, TAP provides a critical connection between intracellular protein degradation and the presentation process that enables CD8+ cytotoxic T cells to examine cell-associated signals.
MHC I molecules present processed peptide fragments at the cell surface, creating a molecular display of intracellular protein activity. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells can recognize these displayed peptides and identify cells carrying signals associated with infection or transformation. This interaction explains how cellular immunity focuses attention on particular cells rather than only on material outside them.
The protein source affects how the immune system interprets the displayed peptide. Fragments from normal cellular proteins can represent ordinary self, whereas viral proteins may indicate infection and tumor-associated proteins may signal transformation. Studying these categories helps distinguish routine intracellular conditions from abnormal states that may make a cell a target of cellular immunity.
Endogenous antigen pathways provide a framework for considering how intracellular protein fragments become available for immune recognition. In vaccine research, this perspective is relevant when the desired response concerns cellular immunity and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell recognition. The pathway therefore helps connect vaccine design with the presentation of selected intracellularly derived signals.
Cancer immunotherapy can use knowledge of tumor-associated endogenous antigens to understand how transformed cells become recognizable by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. In host-pathogen research, viral endogenous antigens provide a way to examine how infected cells display intracellular signals. Together, these applications connect antigen presentation with immune monitoring of transformation and infection.
Self-derived endogenous antigens normally reflect proteins produced by the body's own cells, but abnormal immune recognition of these signals can contribute to autoimmune disease. Investigating this relationship helps researchers connect intracellular antigen display with loss of appropriate self-tolerance. It also places endogenous antigen presentation within broader studies of immune regulation and disease mechanisms.