International Code
International Code - Related Videos
02:39
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
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2020
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
09:18
Internal Standards
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Dr. B. Jill Venton - University of Virginia The goal of many chemical analyses is a quantitative analysis, where the amount of a substance in a sample is determined. In order to accurately calculate the concentration of an unknown from a sample, careful sample preparation is key. Every time a sample is handled or transferred, some of the sample can be lost. There are strategies however, for minimizing sample loss. There are also strategies for coping with sample loss and...
02:00
Internal Energy
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2020
The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial. Although the values for Ufinal and Uinitial cannot be determined for a system, the first law of thermodynamics only...
10:59
New Methods to Study Gustatory Coding
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Cited by 1 •
2017
We present three new methods to study gustatory coding. Using a simple animal, the moth Manduca sexta (Manduca), we describe a dissection protocol, the use of extracellular tetrodes to record the activity of multiple gustatory receptor neurons, and a system for delivering and monitoring precisely timed pulses of tastants.
09:40
Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood
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2018
Here, we present a protocol optimized for the processing of coding (mRNA) and non-coding (ncRNA) globin reduced RNA-seq libraries from a single whole blood sample.
FAQs
The priority principle gives published names an established basis for resolving competing names. When multiple names appear for the same organism, researchers can examine their publication history and apply the relevant rules rather than choosing informally. This promotes consistent species identification and helps taxonomic databases maintain records that remain interpretable across countries and research disciplines.
Designated type specimens connect a scientific name with a documented biological reference, while valid-publication requirements ensure that names meet the formal standards of the applicable code. Together, these mechanisms make names easier to evaluate and apply consistently. They also support the resolution of uncertain or competing names during classification and biodiversity research.
Naming rules are not necessarily identical for every organismal group, so separate codes may govern different groups. Researchers must therefore identify which code applies before evaluating a name or classification. This distinction prevents rules from one biological group being applied indiscriminately to another and helps preserve consistency within specialized areas of biological nomenclature.
Researchers can first determine which code governs the organism, then examine whether the name satisfies formal publication requirements. They can compare competing names by reviewing publication priority and consult the relevant designated type specimen. Finally, they can update or verify the name in taxonomic databases, supporting consistent identification and communication of results.
Standardized naming allows taxonomic databases to organize records under names that researchers can interpret consistently. Biodiversity surveys can then connect observations, species lists, and research findings more reliably, even when work comes from different countries or disciplines. This shared structure improves the exchange of biological information and helps researchers manage changing classifications.
New evidence can lead researchers to revise classifications, but consistent naming rules help those changes remain traceable and communicable. In biology, this supports evolutionary research by keeping taxonomic information organized while interpretations develop. It also benefits conservation planning, where reliable species names are needed to connect scientific findings with biodiversity assessments and management decisions.