Oncogene Mutation
Oncogene Mutation - Related Videos
03:07
Immortalizing Endothelial Cells via Retroviral Transduction of Viral Oncogenes
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2026
Source: McAllister, S. C., Hanson, R. S., et al. An In Vitro Model for Studying Cellular Transformation by Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus. J. Vis. Exp.(2017)This video demonstrates retroviral transduction of primary endothelial cells with HPV16 E6/E7 oncogenes. The integrated oncogenes inactivate p53 and Rb tumor suppressors, extending cell lifespan. G418 selection enriches for transduced cells, yielding immortalized endothelial cultures suitable for transformation...
12:04
Engineering Oncogenic Heterozygous Gain-of-Function Mutations in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
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Cited by 5 •
2023
Novel strategies to faithfully model somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are necessary to better study hematopoietic stem cell biology and hematological malignancies. Here, a protocol to model heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in HSPCs by combining the use of CRISPR/Cas9 and dual rAAV donor transduction is described.
00:36
Viral Mutations
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2019
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
02:27
Mutations
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2020
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously during DNA replication or be induced by environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in several ways: by whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, by the scale of the DNA affected, and by whether they affect somatic or germline cells.Consequences of Point Mutations at the Molecular LevelMutations that affect a single nucleotide are called point mutations. When point mutations...
02:27
Mutations
0 Views •
2026
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously during DNA replication or be induced by environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in several ways: by whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, by the scale of the DNA affected, and by whether they affect somatic or germline cells.Consequences of Point Mutations at the Molecular LevelMutations that affect a single nucleotide are called point mutations. When point mutations...
FAQs
A structural change can alter the protein produced by a proto-oncogene so that its activity favors growth. This mechanism differs from simply increasing gene expression because the key change lies in protein structure and function. Examining the altered protein helps researchers connect a particular DNA change with abnormal signaling and determine how it may contribute to cell-cycle progression.
Increased gene expression can make a growth-promoting signal more influential even when altered protein structure is not the primary mechanism. The important variable is how strongly the gene is expressed, because enhanced expression can support continued cell-cycle progression and weaken normal growth control. Measuring this effect helps distinguish expression-driven activation from structure-driven changes.
A signal that remains active can continually communicate growth-promoting instructions instead of responding normally to cellular control. This persistent activity matters because it can sustain cell-cycle progression and contribute to disrupted growth regulation. In oncogene mutation studies, researchers therefore ask whether a specific alteration produces an always-active signaling state, rather than only whether the DNA sequence differs.
Proto-oncogenes can become growth-promoting through changes in protein structure, increased gene expression, or signaling that remains active. These routes are mechanistically different, although each can affect growth control. Separating them helps researchers interpret tumor DNA more precisely and identify which alteration may represent a cancer-driving event or explain abnormal cellular behavior.
Sequencing tumor DNA can reveal alterations associated with oncogene activation. Researchers can compare mutations across tumor samples to examine patterns and identify changes relevant to cancer-driving events or tumor classification. Sequencing provides information about the DNA differences themselves, while additional experiments are needed to determine how a particular alteration affects cellular behavior.
After identifying a candidate alteration, researchers test how that specific change affects cellular behavior. This functional analysis connects a DNA sequence difference with its biological consequence, such as altered growth-related behavior. The results help distinguish mutations that may contribute to abnormal cell growth from changes whose effects are not demonstrated in the tested cellular context.
Oncogene mutations can help researchers classify tumors according to their underlying cancer-driving events. They also provide clues about altered signaling pathways that may be suitable for targeted treatment. Therapies designed to inhibit those pathways are therefore linked to the molecular features identified in tumor DNA, making mutation analysis relevant to both cancer biology and therapeutic development.