Paramagnetic Probes
Paramagnetic Probes - Related Videos
11:07
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy
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2023
Source: David C. Powers, Tamara M. Powers, Texas A&M In this video, we will learn the basic principles behind Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). We will use EPR spectroscopy to study how dibutylhydroxy toluene (BHT) behaves as an antioxidant in the autoxidation of aliphatic aldehydes.
01:30
Paramagnetism
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2023
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
08:01
Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo
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Cited by 11 •
2016
A new electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method, rapid scan EPR (RS-EPR), is demonstrated for 2D spectral spatial imaging which is superior to the traditional continuous wave (CW) technique and opens new venues for in vivo imaging. Results are demonstrated at 250 MHz, but the technique is applicable at any frequency.
05:38
Custom-made Microdialysis Probe Design
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Cited by 9 •
2015
Microdialysis is a commonly used technique in neuroscience research. Therefore commercial probes are in great demand.In this work a probe assembly is explained in detail to build a reliable, concentric, custom-made microdialysis probe for less than $10.
01:17
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals
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2023
Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...
FAQs
Unpaired electrons carry magnetic moments that respond to an applied magnetic field. Their interactions can change electron paramagnetic resonance signals directly or influence the relaxation behavior of nearby nuclei. These measurable effects connect the probe’s magnetic response with conditions in its surroundings, allowing biological experiments to monitor local changes rather than relying only on bulk properties of a sample.
Local oxygen concentration, metal-ion coordination, redox state, and other chemical or biological conditions can alter the magnetic behavior detected from a probe. Because these variables differ across molecules, membranes, and cellular regions, the resulting signal can report where a probe is located and what chemical environment it experiences. This sensitivity supports measurements of changing biological states.
Electron paramagnetic resonance is useful when the experiment focuses on changes in the probe’s electron-spin signal, whereas nuclear relaxation measurements are relevant when the probe alters magnetic resonance behavior used in imaging. The two readouts provide complementary information: one emphasizes the probe’s paramagnetic signal, while the other can connect its influence to spatially resolved biological measurements.
A probe’s response can be interpreted in relation to the local environment of a biomolecule or cellular structure. Changes associated with molecular structure, metal-ion coordination, redox state, or membrane organization provide clues about interactions and organization that may not be directly visible. In this way, the technique links magnetic measurements with protein function and cellular processes.
These probes can report oxygen concentration and redox state, two environmental features connected to cellular activity. Their signals therefore help investigate cellular metabolism and disease-related processes while also providing information about molecular structure and protein function. The value lies in translating local magnetic changes into biological measurements that describe how cells or biomolecules behave.
In magnetic resonance imaging, paramagnetic probes can alter nuclear relaxation rates, creating detectable contrast related to their local environment. This enables noninvasive imaging of biological events and complements measurements made from electron paramagnetic resonance signals. Researchers can consequently examine spatially distributed processes, including cellular conditions and disease-related changes, rather than limiting analysis to isolated molecular samples.