Particle Formation
Particle Formation - Related Videos
01:16
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control
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2024
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species. The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
06:09
In Vitro Reassociation Assay to Measure the Formation of 80S Ribosomal Particles Using Salt-washed Ribosomal Subunits
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2025
Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the in vitro reassociation of purified, salt-washed eukaryotic ribosomal subunits for the analysis of 80S particle formation. This method is illustrated by analyzing ribosomal subunits isolated from a wild-type strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a mutant strain deficient in the ribosomal protein eL24.
03:37
Subatomic Particles
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2020
Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom. The Discovery of the Electron The first clue about the subatomic structure came at the end of the 19th century when J.J. Thomson discovered the electron using a cathode ray tube. This apparatus consisted of a sealed glass...
02:41
Concentration and Purification of Viral Particles
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2026
Source: Fricano-Kugler, C. J., et al. Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection. J. Vis. Exp. (2016).This video demonstrates the step-by-step process for concentrating and purifying lentiviral particles from a mixed suspension containing host cell debris. The procedure utilizes centrifugation, filtration, and PEG-salt precipitation to isolate viral particles while removing soluble impurities. The final product is resuspended in a...
02:10
The Nucleosome Core Particle
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2020
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins. The paradox Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
FAQs
Nucleation determines whether a stable starting cluster appears, while growth determines how that cluster develops through further molecular addition or related assembly processes. This sequence matters because early stability can influence the eventual particle population, including its size and composition. Examining both stages helps researchers identify which part of formation to adjust when controlling particle behavior.
Chemical and physical conditions determine whether stable clusters form and how growth proceeds. Those conditions can therefore affect particle size, composition, stability, and interactions. In biological systems, controlling these variables is important because the resulting nanoscale structures may influence biological function and determine how effectively researchers can study or apply them.
Particle formation can proceed through several growth routes rather than one universal mechanism. Molecular addition adds material to a developing particle, whereas self-assembly, aggregation, and phase separation describe alternative ways materials can organize into discrete structures. Distinguishing the dominant route helps researchers interpret why particles acquire particular compositions or stabilities and select suitable formation conditions.
In biology, formation processes contribute to viral particles, protein assemblies, extracellular vesicles, and other nanoscale structures. These examples show that particle formation is relevant both to biological entities and to organized molecular assemblies. Studying how such structures arise can help connect their physical properties with biological function and cellular organization, while supporting investigations that require controlled particle behavior.
Researchers can examine the process by following the transition from initial nucleation to subsequent growth, then characterizing the resulting particles. Key features to evaluate include size, composition, stability, and interactions. Applying this sequence across controlled chemical and physical conditions can reveal how formation changes and identify conditions that produce the desired particle properties.
Control over particle size, composition, stability, and interactions supports microscopy, diagnostics, drug delivery, and biomaterials research. In biology, the same understanding helps investigate viral particles, protein assemblies, extracellular vesicles, and cellular organization. The value is not only producing particles, but also relating formation conditions to the properties and biological roles of the resulting structures.