Pi3k Akt Mtor Pathway
Pi3k Akt Mtor Pathway - Related Videos
01:22
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
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2023
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
07:15
Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
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Cited by 3 •
2024
The present protocol describes the establishment of a membranous nephropathy (MN) animal model, and how Kemeng Fang's inhibition reduces MN rat podocyte apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
03:03
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
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2023
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors. The mTOR pathway or the...
03:03
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
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2021
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors. The mTOR pathway or the...
01:24
Other Glycolytic Pathways
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2025
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
FAQs
Growth factor binding activates receptor tyrosine kinases at the cell surface, which then stimulate PI3K. This creates a signaling connection between an external environmental cue and intracellular control of growth, survival, metabolism, and protein synthesis. The sequence matters because receptor activation occurs upstream, allowing researchers to examine how changes at the cell surface influence downstream cellular behavior.
PI3K converts the membrane-associated phosphoinositide PIP2 into PIP3. This lipid change provides the signal that recruits AKT, enabling its activation within the pathway. Because PIP3 formation links PI3K activity to AKT, this step helps explain how a receptor-generated cue is transmitted into intracellular responses that support cell survival, metabolism, and growth-related processes.
mTOR functions downstream of AKT as a central regulator of nutrient sensing, anabolic growth, and translation, the process of producing proteins from genetic instructions. Its position allows the pathway to connect incoming growth signals with the cell’s nutritional and biosynthetic state. Studying this relationship helps clarify how cells coordinate protein synthesis and growth rather than treating these processes as independent.
Analysis of this pathway can show how cells respond to environmental and cellular cues while maintaining growth, survival, metabolism, and protein production. In biology, that information is relevant to normal development and tissue maintenance, where coordinated regulation is required. The pathway therefore provides a framework for connecting molecular signaling events with broader changes in cellular and tissue behavior.
The pathway is relevant to cancer, diabetes, and disorders involving abnormal cell growth because it regulates processes that influence survival, metabolism, and anabolic activity. Research can use its components to investigate how disrupted signaling relates to disease-associated cellular behavior. Comparing pathway regulation across normal and diseased contexts helps identify which growth or metabolic controls may have become abnormal.
Individual components serve as research and therapeutic targets because the network contains several control points, including receptor tyrosine kinases, PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. Examining these points can help connect a specific signaling event with changes in cell growth, survival, metabolism, or protein synthesis. This organization also supports investigations into abnormal growth and the molecular basis of related diseases.