Portosystemic Collaterals
Portosystemic Collaterals - Related Videos
01:27
Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla
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2025
The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response. Collateral Ganglia Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity. The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
08:56
Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats
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Cited by 7 •
2023
Presented here is a protocol to show that Bazi Bushen capsule (BZBS) can regulate the RANKL/OPG signaling pathway in the ovariectomized rodent model through its estrogen-like effect.
03:41
Measurement of Evoked Potassium Ion Concentration Dynamics in Coronal Hippocampal Slices
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2025
The video demonstrates evoked potassium ion concentration dynamics on electrical stimulation of mouse coronal hippocampal brain slices. A bipolar stimulating electrode is inserted into the stratum radiatum of the CA3 region in the hippocampus, and a potassium-ion selective electrode is placed in the CA1 stratum radiatum. The electrical stimulation causes an action potential, resulting in potassium ion release. Finally, the lack of evoked potassium ion response in the presence of an inhibitory...
12:30
A Comprehensive Protocol for Manual Segmentation of the Medial Temporal Lobe Structures
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Cited by 33 •
2014
The present work provides a comprehensive set of guidelines for manually tracing the medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures. This protocol can be applied to research involving structural and/or combined structural-functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations of the MTL, in both healthy and clinical groups.
08:38
Intravital Microscopy of Monocyte Homing and Tumor-Related Angiogenesis in a Murine Model of Peripheral Arterial Disease
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Cited by 4 •
2017
Monocytes are important mediators of arteriogenesis in the context of peripheral arterial disease. Using a basement membrane-like matrix and intravital microscopy, this protocol investigates monocyte homing and tumor-related angiogenesis after monocyte injection in the femoral artery ligation murine model.
FAQs
Persistently elevated portal venous pressure redirects blood through preexisting small connections between portal and systemic veins. Continued pressure and flow can enlarge these channels over time, rather than creating an entirely separate vascular route. This mechanism explains why chronic portal hypertension is associated with progressively more prominent collateral pathways and related vascular complications.
Their anatomical location influences which tissues experience altered venous flow and which complications may appear. Relevant connections occur near the esophagus, stomach, rectum, and abdominal wall, so collateral enlargement can affect several body regions. Mapping these sites helps relate abnormal circulation to potential varices, gastrointestinal bleeding, or visible vascular changes.
Collateral vessels may become fragile varices as they enlarge under sustained portal venous pressure. Fragility creates a risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, particularly when pathways involve vessels near the esophagus or stomach. At the same time, diverted blood can reduce normal passage through the liver, linking collateral formation with altered toxin clearance.
They provide a biological example of how pressure changes can redirect circulation through existing vascular connections. When portal pressure rises, blood is diverted toward systemic venous pathways, changing the usual distribution of flow through the liver. Studying this response connects vascular adaptation with the consequences of chronic circulatory stress.
They are relevant when evaluating conditions associated with portal hypertension and its vascular consequences. Their presence or enlargement can provide evidence that portal venous pressure has remained sufficiently elevated to redirect blood through collateral channels. Assessment therefore helps connect liver disease with complications such as varices, gastrointestinal bleeding, and impaired toxin clearance.
Study of these pathways can clarify how portal hypertension affects both circulation and liver-related processing of blood. Researchers and clinicians can relate enlarged collaterals to the risk of fragile varices, gastrointestinal bleeding, and changes in toxin clearance. This makes them useful for understanding vascular complications rather than viewing abnormal vessels as isolated findings.