Neurophysiology

This video demonstrates the recording of electrical signals from single brain neurons using a fine-tipped glass micropipette and a specialized setup. The micropipette is carefully inserted into the rat's brain and is buzzed to penetrate the neuron to record internal neuronal electrical signals.

This video demonstrates the whole-cell patch clamp technique in a mouse brain slice. This technique establishes a stable connection between micropipette and neuron membrane, which is further disrupted to establish a whole-cell configuration to study the neuron's health and physiological responses.

The video demonstrates how to use a microelectrode array (MEA) to record the electrophysiological activity of neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Electrophysiological activity from a multiwell MEA containing a neuron-astrocyte co-culture is recorded to detect action potentials from multiple neurons in the network, confirming the successful differentiation of hiPSCs into neurons.

This video demonstrates a technique for patch-clamp recording from the dendritic membrane surface. This helps to directly examine the electrical properties of dendrites and underlying voltage-gated ion channels in dopaminergic neurons.

This video demonstrates the recording of spontaneous and stimulation-dependent neural activity from primary murine spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) cultures on a multielectrode array (MEA). It involves washing and preparing the MEA, recording spontaneous neural activity, and applying controlled electrical stimuli to identify stimulation-dependent neuronal activity.

This video demonstrates a protocol involving the application of subthreshold noise currents to medial vestibular nucleus neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to study the impact of the noise currents on neuronal sensitivity to electrical stimuli.

This protocol outlines the assembly and use of an injectrode for precise drug delivery into targeted brain regions of an anesthetized rat, followed by monitoring of neuronal activity through recorded electrical signals.

This video demonstrates the recording of whole-cell currents induced by gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, in a mouse prefrontal cortical brain slice. Controlled delivery of GABA opens chloride channels in a postsynaptic neuron, generating inhibitory postsynaptic currents, or IPSCs. These IPSCs increase with higher GABA concentrations, reflecting GABA's inhibitory activity on synaptic transmission.

This video demonstrates a whole-cell patch-clamp technique for electrophysiological recording from a flat-mount mouse retina. A thin glass pipette with an electrode is used to approach starburst amacrine cells (SACs) within the retina. After forming a seal, suction is applied to rupture the membrane and form the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration. Finally, the flow of ions through the SAC synaptic receptors is measured using the configuration.

This video presents electrophysiological recordings from organotypic co-cultures of spinal cord slices, captured using a multi-electrode array or MEA device. These recordings assess neuronal regeneration between the slices. The synchronized electrical activity observed confirms successful neural regeneration.

This video demonstrates the procedure of using the multielectrode array (MEA) to measure synaptic physiology in 3D coculture spheres. This method allows to understand the neural network dynamics and synaptic network burst activity within the 3D spheres.

The video demonstrates a method to study the excitability of neuronal cells expressing fluorescent protein using a whole-cell patch current clamp. In the current-clamp mode, action potentials indicative of neuronal excitability are generated.

This video demonstrates the measurement of glutamate levels in the brain of an anesthetized neonatal piglet using a microelectrode array (MEA). The procedure involves creating a craniotomy window in the pig skull and inserting the MEA into the brain region of interest. The glutamate-oxidase-coated recording sites of the MEA convert extracellular brain glutamate to hydrogen peroxide, which generates a measurable current. This current is measured and normalized against background noise to...

This video demonstrates the procedure to set up a recording chamber with a penetrating microelectrode array (PMEA) to capture neural signals from an unfolded hippocampus. This method allows us to study the speed and direction of propagation of neural activity within the unfolded hippocampus in vitro.

This video demonstrates the preparation of a rat model to study retinal health and visual pathway integrity. Visual evoked potential and electroretinography reference and active electrodes are connected to the rat, followed by aligning the platform with the rat in front of the Ganzfeld bowl for even retinal illumination and closing the Faraday cage to avoid external interference.

This video demonstrates a protocol for implanting electrocorticographic electrodes in the mouse cerebral cortex to record electrical signals in response to adeno-associated viruses that target and manipulate cofilin expression.

This video demonstrates positioning a fine-pointed pipette near brain slices, forming a seal with a neuronal cell. Suction breaks the cell membrane, thereby creating a whole-cell patch clamp that enables current measurements for electrophysiology experiments.

This video demonstrates a non-invasive assay to study electrophysiology of motor neurons in zebrafish embryos. Upon measuring tail coiling in the embryos as a result of spontaneous depolarization of the spinal cord motor neurons, a sodium channel blocker is applied to reduce the coiling frequency. Next, the embryos are immobilized in agarose and placed under a fluorescence microscope. The genetically engineered motor neurons express a voltage-sensing biosensor with a donor and an acceptor...

This video demonstrates an in vivo technique for measuring compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in mice. It outlines the steps for setting up electrodes, stimulating forelimb neurons that innervate muscle fibers, and recording muscle responses. The technique assesses neuronal demyelination and functional neuron loss.

This video outlines the protocol for electrophysiological recording of photoreceptor activity in the eye of an immobilized Drosophila, enabling precise measurement of voltage changes in response to light stimuli.

This video demonstrates the recording of electrical signals from the afferent neurons in a paralyzed zebrafish larva by positioning a micropipette near the lateral line ganglion and forming a loose seal for signal capture. The extracellular solution maintains neuronal viability during this process.

The video demonstrates evoked potassium ion concentration dynamics on electrical stimulation of mouse coronal hippocampal brain slices. A bipolar stimulating electrode is inserted into the stratum radiatum of the CA3 region in the hippocampus, and a potassium-ion selective electrode is placed in the CA1 stratum radiatum. The electrical stimulation causes an action potential, resulting in potassium ion release. Finally, the lack of evoked potassium ion response in the presence of an inhibitory...

This video demonstrates evaluating glutamate release and clearance at single corticostriatal synapses in a mouse brain slice. Electrical stimulation facilitates glutamate release at the synapse. The released glutamate alters sensor protein's fluorescence, which decays over time, indicating release and clearance efficiency.

The video demonstrates the method to record gamma-band oscillations in PPN neurons. Using a sagittal brain section with synaptic blockers in aCSF, it employs positive current pulses via a patch pipette to open calcium channels, inducing crucial subthreshold activity for wakefulness.

This video demonstrates the detailed procedure for preparing an anesthetized rat for electrophysiological recordings of brain activity from multiple sites. The scalp is dissected to access the skull, and holes are drilled at precise locations to install and secure electrodes. Tungsten microwire electrodes are then inserted into the targeted location to record the data.

This video demonstrates electrophysiological recording of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in mice using a perforated patch-clamp technique. The olfactory epithelium, containing OSNs with fluorophore-tagged odor receptors, is isolated from a mouse and secured in a recording chamber. A recording pipette is clamped to the dendritic knob of an OSN, and nystatin within the pipette perforates the membrane to form electrical connectivity with the cell. Finally, another pipette is used to deliver an...

This video demonstrates a method for recording neural activity in a freely moving mouse using fiber photometry. In this method, neurons in a specific brain region express a genetically encoded calcium indicator. A stimulus is applied to this brain region, and the stimulus-dependent change in fluorescence is measured to identify neural activity.

The video describes the electrophysiological recording of retinogeniculate and corticogeniculate synapses in mouse brain slices. The slices containing the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) are placed in a recording chamber. A stimulating pipette is positioned on either the optic tract to stimulate retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and investigate retinogeniculate synapses or the nucleus reticularis thalami to stimulate cortical neurons and investigate corticogeniculate synapses. Upon...

The video demonstrates a procedure for implanting a wireless bidirectional multichannel electrode unit into a rat brain to record and stimulate multichannel neural networks.

This video demonstrates the procedure for recording compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in rats by applying electrical stimuli to the ulnar nerve, adjusting electrodes for optimal signal, and increasing stimulation to assess nerve functionality. This method enables the in vivo investigation of the peripheral nerve functions in neurological disorders.

The video demonstrates a protocol to study synaptic interactions and neuronal responses in a transfected mouse hippocampal brain slice. It involves illuminating long-range sensory neurons to trigger action potentials and recording the resulting excitatory post-synaptic potentials in the recorded neuron using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique.

This video outlines a method for simultaneously imaging and recording electrical activity from transgenic brain slices that contain neuron-specific fluorescent proteins. The procedure involves maintaining the brain slice in a perfusion chamber with aerated artificial cerebrospinal fluid, using a light source to excite fluorescent-labeled cells, and recording the electrical signals with a multichannel probe and patch clamp.

This video demonstrates a microelectrode array-based assay for studying neuronal network activity in mouse spinal cord sections. First, the electrophysiological activity from the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the slice is recorded. Then, a potassium channel inhibitor is introduced to prolong depolarization, resulting in synchronous rhythmic activity across the neuronal network.

This video demonstrates a technique of studying the activity of renal sympathetic nerves (RSNs) in response to changes in arterial pressure in rats. Upon attaching a pressure-sensing catheter to the femoral artery, the renal sympathetic nerves are exposed. The nerves are then lifted onto a recording electrode, and their electrical activity is recorded. Next, a vasoconstricting drug is injected to elevate blood pressure, and corresponding changes in RSN activity are monitored.

This video demonstrates a protocol to evaluate the maturation and reprogramming of glial cells into neurons in a transfected mouse striatum slice. The experiment measures resting membrane potential and response to current injections using neuron-specific fluorescent markers and electrophysiological techniques. Voltage spikes during these measurements indicate successful neuronal maturation and reprogramming.

This video demonstrates the fabrication of a flat nerve-wrapping electrode. It showcases the integration of shielding metal and precise polymer layering for an effective recording surface. The process involves attaching, curing, trimming, and cutting polymer layers for optimal nerve contact and accurate signal recording.

This video demonstrates the process of measuring visual evoked potentials or VEPs in a dark-adapted, anesthetized rat with pre-implanted skull electrodes, which record the electrical signals from the brain's visual cortex in response to light stimuli.

This video demonstrates the procedure for performing electrophysiological recordings in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of spinal cord slices, using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques to analyze neuron firing patterns. This method allows the study of neural responses to stimuli in SG neurons of the spinal cord.

This video outlines a protocol for implanting a multi-shank linear silicon probe into the mouse brain to measure local field potentials. The procedure involves securing the probe to a stereotaxic unit, positioning it accurately over the target brain region, inserting it into the brain, and securing it with dental cement. After implantation, the assembly is protected with a casing. Following recovery, the setup allows for recording local field potentials, providing insights into neuronal...

This video demonstrates the implantation of a soft electrocorticography array and the long-term cortical recordings in a minipig. It outlines the steps involved in surgically implanting the array over the minipig's auditory cortex and recording both baseline and sound stimulus-evoked neuronal action potentials.

The video demonstrates a procedure to record the local field potential (LFP) in mouse hippocampal-entorhinal cortex slices. Electrical stimulation is provided at the CA3 stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, which causes changes in the postsynaptic potential at the CA1 stratum pyramidale. The combined change in the membrane potential of CA1 neurons, termed the local field potential, is recorded.

This video demonstrates in vivo recording of local field potential (LFP) from bilateral M2 areas of the mouse brain. An anesthetized mouse is secured and prepared for the procedure. To record LFPs, insert microelectrodes into the target coordinates of the bilateral M2 areas, which are responsible for complex motor movements.

This video demonstrates a protocol for implanting an electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) electrode assembly in an anesthetized mouse. The process involves securing the mouse on a stereotaxic frame, making a midline incision in the skull, drilling holes for the electrodes, and fixing the electrode unit for signal recording. After recovery, the mouse's sleep-wake behavior is analyzed using the recorded signals.

The video demonstrates the extracellular recording of neuronal activity from the central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila larvae. The transected CNS is positioned in a recording chamber, and the electrical activity from a descending nerve is recorded to establish the baseline firing frequency. A test agent is then introduced, and the change in firing frequency is recorded to determine the agent's excitatory or inhibitory effect.

This protocol involves using a microelectrode array (MEA) to record electrical activity in a brain slice exposed to a seizure-inducing drug. The procedure includes positioning the brain slice in an MEA recording chamber, applying electrical stimulation to induce artificial seizures, and analyzing the resulting signals.

This video demonstrates microRNA-mediated inhibition of excitatory synaptic currents in mouse hippocampal brain slices. The CA3 neurons were infected with a recombinant viral vector harboring a construct for expressing a fluorescent reporter, a light-activated membrane channel, and a microRNA that downregulates the expression of voltage-gated calcium channels. Upon placing a slice in a recording chamber and patching a CA1 neuron with a recording pipette, light pulses were used to stimulate the...

This video demonstrates the method of implanting an on-head electrode system in an anesthetized rat for real-time seizure detection. The procedure includes placing stimulation and recording electrodes, securing them with dental cement, and connecting them to a head-mounted amplifier.

The video demonstrates simultaneous electrophysiological recording from multiple brain regions in a rat using an integrative micro-drive array. Recording electrodes are placed in the olfactory bulb, reference electrodes in the frontal cortex, and micro-drive array electrodes in the hippocampus. The rat is allowed to forage freely, and simultaneous recording from all the implanted electrodes is recorded using the array.

This video demonstrates a method for recording auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) from rat pups. It outlines the steps for electrode placement, sound stimulus application, and signal processing analysis in the brainstem to assess neural responses.

This video demonstrates the technique for recording synaptic currents from a synaptic bouton at the Drosophila larva's neuromuscular junction. This technique enables monitoring the activity of a single synaptic bouton, which is important for the study of mutant fly lines with enhanced spontaneous or asynchronous synaptic activity.

This video demonstrates the procedure for concurrent recordings of co-localized electroencephalography (EEG) and local field potentials (LFPs) in an anesthetized rat. The process involves preparing the rat and attaching stimulating electrodes to its whisker pads. An EEG spider electrode is placed on the rat's skull for surface EEG measurements. At the same time, a multi-channel microelectrode is inserted into a specific brain region through a burr hole in the skull to record neural activity...

In this video, brain slices are immobilized in a recording chamber, and cells of interest are located and focused on using a computer-controlled microscope. The automated image processing system then precisely positions a patch pipette to seal the cell membrane and monitor electrical signals.

This video demonstrates a method to record the activity of colonic afferent nerves in an ex-vivo rat colon, cannulated at both ends and infused with saline to increase intraluminal pressure. As pressure increases, the nerve signal rises, indicating its stimulation.

The video demonstrates recording electrical activity in the photoreceptor neurons of Drosophila's ommatidium by establishing a whole-cell configuration. It highlights the activation of transient receptor potential channels by light pulses, resulting in measurable quantum bumps.

This video shows the process of recording electrical signals from mesenteric afferent nerves in a dissected mouse jejunal segment to study the effects of tissue pressure and movement changes on afferent nerve activity.

The protocol video describes establishing a whole-cell patch clamp for electrophysiological recording from the sensory neurons of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in mice. A coronal VNO slice with fluorescently labeled sensory neurons is placed in a recording setup. A labeled neuron is patched with a recording pipette in a whole-cell configuration for electrophysiological recording in response to chemical stimuli.

In this video, the effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on brain slices containing the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and thalamus regions are investigated, using a multi-electrode array (MEA) to measure electric signals. By delivering electric pulses and infusing seizure-inducing drugs, the study investigates the ACC response to seizures.

This video demonstrates establishing a neuron-astrocyte co-culture for recording neuronal network activity. Upon establishing the co-culture of motor neurons and astrocytes on a multi-electrode array (MEA) plate, the synchronous rhythmic electrical activity of the neuronal network was recorded extracellularly using the MEA.

This video demonstrates a technique for implanting an electrode assembly into a mouse brain. The assembly contains bipolar electrodes to record activity from the hippocampus and a reference electrode to obtain baseline activity from the cerebellum. An anesthetized mouse is placed on a stereotaxic frame, and the electrode assembly is implanted in the target brain region. The animal is then allowed to recover before performing electrophysiological recording.

The video demonstrates electrophysiological recording to assess neural connections between iPSC-derived and rat cortical neurons, confirming synaptic contacts in the co-culture by activating light-sensitive ion channels and detecting postsynaptic currents.

This video demonstrates a method for high-resolution EEG recording in a rat model of focal epilepsy. It outlines the steps involved in preparing the rat, connecting a multichannel EEG mini-cap to the rat's scalp, and recording the EEG to identify seizure-related events characteristic of the epilepsy model.

This video demonstrates how to record electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) in a conscious rat. The rat, with surgically implanted electrodes, is first dark-adapted. After applying dilating drops, the animal is placed in a restrainer and positioned in a Ganzfeld bowl. The ERG and VEP signals are then recorded.

This video demonstrates the procedure for setting up a brain slice in a submersion chamber to record synaptic activity. The process involves securing the slice on lens paper, maintaining a continuous flow of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) to ensure neuronal viability, and accurately positioning the stimulation and recording electrodes relative to a specific brain region of interest. This setup allows for precise monitoring of baseline synaptic activity and the effects of electrical...

This video demonstrates electrophysiological recordings of isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparations from newborn rodents. The preparation is placed in a recording chamber, and the inspiratory bursts from the brainstem are recorded under oxygenated and oxygen-deprived conditions using the fourth ventral nerve root in the spinal cord.

The video demonstrates long-term continuous electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring in rodent pups using a wireless transmitter system. The transmitter contains two recording electrodes and one reference electrode extending to the brain's surface. Upon placing the pup in a recording chamber, EEG can be continuously monitored throughout the pup's development into adulthood.

This video demonstrates a single-fiber recording of C-fiber nerve conduction in rats. An anesthetized rat is incised to expose the sciatic nerve, which provides sensory and motor supply to the lower limbs. The individual C-fibers are then exposed. Electrical stimulation is provided using stimulus electrodes implanted in the foot, and a response is recorded from a single nerve fiber.

This video demonstrates the procedure to implant a cochlear device in a deafened mouse and apply electrical stimuli to record auditory brainstem responses. This procedure enables to understand the basic mechanisms of electrical hearing and can contribute to advancements in cochlear implant technology and auditory neuroscience.

In this video, a live Drosophila fly is mounted in a tube for electrophysiological studies. Electrodes are positioned at the base of the sensillum to record specific neuronal responses to pheromones with the fly's olfactory receptor neurons.

This video demonstrates a method to record CA3-CA1 synaptic responses in a rat hippocampal slice. It outlines the steps involved in placing the stimulating and recording electrodes on the hippocampal slice and measuring the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) to assess synaptic response strength.

The video demonstrates the recording of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from seizure-induced rat pups. Take a freely moving pup implanted with electrodes connected to a data acquisition system. A neurotoxin is administered to induce epileptic seizures, and the resulting electrical bursting activity is monitored using the EEG signal.

This video demonstrates the recording of brain signals from a freely moving piglet. The piglet's head is cleaned, and the electrodes are attached. These electrodes are then connected to a telemetry unit. The setup is secured with silicone rubber. The piglet is allowed to acclimate before data recording.

This video demonstrates the procedure to map synaptic connections by securing a brain slice, positioning pipettes to achieve whole-cell configurations, and stimulating presynaptic neurons to record postsynaptic responses, thereby elucidating neuronal connectivity.

This video demonstrates the examination of sensory neuron excitability in the dorsal root ganglia using the patch clamp technique to measure the rheobase and membrane potential, analyzing the neurons' responses to incremental current injections.

This video demonstrates a method for evaluating ribbon synapses in specific regions of the mouse cochlea. It utilizes immunostaining and confocal imaging techniques to identify functional synapses across different frequency regions in each cochlear turn.

This video demonstrates the assessment of neuronal electrical activity in a co-culture of hiPSC-derived cortical glutamatergic neurons and glioma cells using a microfluidic device with multielectrode arrays.

This video demonstrates a method for measuring pain-evoked brain activity in infants. It outlines the procedure for positioning electrodes on the infant's head and applying pain stimuli to the infant's hand using a flat-tip probe. The video also shows the EEG recording process to identify brain activity in response to the stimuli.

This video demonstrates the use of multi-electrode arrays (MEA) to study the effects of toxins on early embryonic chick neuronal cultures. By monitoring the synchronous activity of the neurons in the neuronal network, the MEA captures the functional dynamics of the neuronal network in response to toxin exposure. Reduced synchrony and firing rates upon toxin exposure highlight its detrimental impact on neuronal network maturation and function.

This video demonstrates the recording of rhythmic neuronal network activity, also known as theta oscillations, in an isolated hippocampus. Electrodes are inserted into various layers and spatial positions to detect and analyze theta oscillations. This shows the unique neuronal compositions and the connectivity of the neuronal network across different layers of the hippocampus.

Source:Hila Man1, Paul F. Funk2, Ieva Vebraite-Adereth3, Christoph Anders4, Orlando Guntinas-Lichius2, Yael Hanein1,3,51Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 3School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 4Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University...

This video demonstrates a technique to detect real-time hydrogen peroxide levels in retinal ganglion cells using the roGFP2-Orp1 biosensor and live cell imaging techniques. It outlines the steps involved in cell preparation, fluorescence imaging, and the quantification of hydrogen peroxide levels.

This video demonstrates a protocol for whole-cell patch-clamp recording and two-photon calcium imaging in brain hippocampal slices. This method allows to study the dynamics of local Ca2+ transients (CaTs) in dendrites of different neuronal types in acute brain slices.

This video demonstrates a technique for calcium imaging in individual neurons of behaving Caenorhabditis elegans using genetically encoded fluorescent reporter proteins. It outlines the steps involved in imaging worm movement and measuring reporter fluorescence ratios from neurons to correlate intracellular calcium levels with neuronal activity and behavioral changes during egg-laying.

This video demonstrates a procedure for observing changes in neuronal activity in a brain slice stained with a voltage-sensitive dye. The dye reflects changes in the neuron's membrane potential by altering its fluorescence intensity. Through the application of electrical stimuli and advanced imaging techniques, this process enables visual tracking of real-time changes in neuronal membrane potential based on VSD fluorescence.

This video demonstrates the brain's neural activity recording through an optical window in transgenic mice. The mice express a fluorescent protein that enables the detection of neural activities. A small portion of the skull is carefully removed to install an optical window, and the skull is then covered with black cement to block light before imaging.

This video demonstrates the recording of light-evoked post-synaptic responses in a dark-adapted mouse retinal tissue slice preparation. The retinal slice is placed in a recording chamber, and a recording pipette is used to establish electrical continuity with a retinal ganglion cell. Light pulses are applied to generate excitatory post-synaptic potentials in the ganglion cells, which are recorded by the pipette.

This video demonstrates a technique for measuring neuronal activity in mouse brain slices using calcium imaging and electrophysiological recordings. By perfusing the tissue with potassium ions and recording intracellular calcium changes through high-speed digital imaging, this method reveals real-time neuronal responses.

This video demonstrates the assessment of the mitochondrial functioning of cerebral vascular endothelial (CVE) cells using an extracellular flux assay. CVE cells are plated in an extracellular flux cell culture plate. Extracellular flux sensors are hydrated before loading and calibration into the bioanalyzer. The plate containing cells is then loaded for analysis.

The video demonstrates the simultaneous measurement of intracellular calcium levels and changes in membrane potential in endothelial cells of mouse cerebral artery segments. The isolated endothelial tube is loaded with a fluorescent calcium indicator and treated with a drug that induces intracellular calcium release, resulting in a change in membrane potential. The indicator's fluorescence enables the measurement of calcium levels, and a recording electrode is inserted into a cell to measure...

This video demonstrates how nicotine-mediated activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the mouse ventral hippocampus results in sustained calcium signaling along the axons.

This video demonstrates a procedure for analyzing synaptic connectivity between medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala neurons using acute amygdala brain slices from mice. The mPFC neurons in these mice express channelrhodopsin fused to a fluorescent protein. The channelrhodopsins facilitate ion influx and action potential generation in the mPFC neurons upon light activation. Consequently, mPFC neurons release neurotransmitters that bind to postsynaptic amygdala neurons, triggering...

This video demonstrates the procedure for in vivo intracellular recording of photoreceptor cells in the eye of a butterfly and determining the spectral sensitivity of individual cell types. This technique enables the study of sensitivities of individual photoreceptor cells to different light stimuli.

This video demonstrates the recording of a direct-coupled electroretinogram (DC-ERG) on a dark-adapted, anesthetized mouse retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). After applying dilating drops, the animal is placed in a recording setup, and the capillary electrode filled with a salt buffer is placed on the cornea. After establishing the baseline, DC-ERG is recorded.

This video demonstrates a method for in vivo calcium imaging using synaptically localized calcium sensors in flies. It outlines the steps for preparing the flies for microscopy, conducting olfactory conditioning, and visualizing odor-induced calcium influx.

In this video, embryonic kidney cell cultures expressing light-dependent ion channel proteins fused with a fluorescent reporter demonstrate the effect of light on ion movement. Whole-cell patch clamp is used to monitor the movement of ions.

This video demonstrates the patch-clamp technique for measuring ionic currents in inner ear sensory neuron cell bodies. It details the preparation and use of a polished patch-clamp pipette filled with an internal solution containing amphotericin B, which perforates the membrane to allow ion movement while preserving intracellular conditions. Voltage pulses are applied to trigger and record ion channel activity, providing insights into their properties and behavior.

This video describes the in vivo intracellular recording of rat motoneurons under trans-spinal direct current stimulation. The protocol describes how to measure membrane properties and record the rhythmic firing of motoneurons before, during, and after anodal or cathodal polarization of the spinal cord.

This video demonstrates a technique for stimulating line-patterned neuronal cultures with a uniform, unidirectional electric field.

This video demonstrates a method for stimulating neuronal cultures grown in a patterned circular ring on a coverslip, using a time-varying magnetic field.

This video demonstrates the method for studying visual prey detection in transgenic zebrafish larvae using calcium indicator-based fluoresce imaging with their neurons expressing fluorescent calcium indicator complexes.

This video demonstrates the induction of axonal varicosities by applying micromechanical stimulus on neurons. The system comprises a micropipette attached to a syringe containing buffer via tubing. Using a micromanipulator, the micropipette is positioned above the neurons. Fluid pressure is then applied to induce varicosities in axons.

The video demonstrates the injection of mesh electronics probes into a mouse brain for stable long-term recordings at a single-neuron level. An anesthetized mouse with an exposed skull is secured on a stereotaxic frame, and the probe's mesh device region is injected into the brain through drilled holes. The probe's input-output pads are connected to a circuit, and recordings are obtained using a data acquisition system.

This video demonstrates the implantation of electrodes and cannulas in an anesthetized rat to measure dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens using a potentiostat and the infusion of drugs to modulate dopaminergic activity in the ventral tegmental area.

This video demonstrates the use of the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to measure responses in kisspeptin neurons from transfected mouse hypothalamic slices. The process involves achieving whole-cell configuration and recording membrane potential changes induced by the test hormone using current-clamp mode.

This video demonstrates the isolation and stimulation of the cavernous nerve in an anesthetized rat to study blood pressure changes in the cavernous body.

This video demonstrates the combined recording of mechanically stimulated afferent output and nerve terminal labeling in the hair follicles of a mouse pinna. It outlines the steps involved in the mechanical stimulation of hair follicle nerve terminals before and after exposure to a fluorescent membrane dye, electrophysiology recording of the generated action potentials, and visualization of the nerve terminal labeling in the hair follicles.

This video demonstrates a protocol to modulate theta oscillations in a genetically engineered mouse model with light-sensitive ion channels in its GABAergic medial septum neurons. By delivering light pulses to the hippocampus, the protocol aims to synchronize neuronal activity and generate theta oscillations, which are recorded as local field potentials.

This video demonstrates a study of the navigational behavior of Drosophila larvae in response to optogenetic stimulation of olfactory sensory neurons (ORNs). Transgenic Drosophila larvae expressing light-sensitive ion channels in the ORNs are placed on agarose within a behavior arena. Optogenetic stimulation with light opens the channels, causing a cation influx that triggers the transmission of the signal to the brain, and the navigation behavior is recorded.

This video demonstrates testing monosynaptic connections using a transgenic fly. The fly has tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels and red light-activated channels in its presynaptic neurons, which are optogenetically excited to transmit signals to postsynaptic neurons.

This video demonstrates the study of neuronal activity in a specific region of the mouse brain that processes auditory stimuli. The technique involves applying an inhibitory neurotransmission blocker and comparing neuronal responses to auditory stimuli before and after the drug is applied to the localized brain region.

This video demonstrates testing sensory nerve function in a mouse model by surgically denervating one side and leaving the other as a control. The response to mechanical stimulation confirms the role of sensory nerves.

This video demonstrates an experimental protocol to investigate the prolonged depolarizing afterpotential (PDA) in white-eyed Drosophila. The fly's eye is exposed to intense blue light pulses to convert the photopigment rhodopsin to metarhodopsin, initiating a signaling cascade that opens positive ion channels and causes membrane depolarization. Because blue light prevents the reconversion of metarhodopsin to rhodopsin, the continuous influx of positive ions results in sustained depolarization,...

This video demonstrates the rearing of Drosophila melanogaster under specific light conditions to study the role of Bruchpilot proteins in neurotransmitter release and the resulting modulation of synaptic activity.

The video demonstrates an assay to identify target-selective neurons via simultaneous eye-tracking and single-neuron recordings. A human participant is tasked with identifying a target object among an array of objects in a display, and the eye movement is tracked. Simultaneously, single neurons' firing rate is recorded via electrodes implanted in the brain. The data from both recordings are correlated to assess the presence of target-selective neurons.

This video demonstrates the recording of somatosensory stimulation-related signals through orofacial skin stretch using an electroencephalography (EEG) cap equipped with electrodes to monitor brain activity and a robotic device that produces the skin stretch.

This video demonstrates electroencephalographic (EEG) recording of epileptic seizures in epilepsy-induced rats. A rat with electrodes implanted in the ventral hippocampus is connected to the EEG recording system and placed in a plexiglass chamber. The rat is allowed to move freely while the brain activity is recorded to monitor the occurrence of seizures.

This video demonstrates the procedure of inducing local CA1 gamma oscillations in a CA1 hippocampal mouse brain slice using tetanic simulations. This method is important to understand the neuronal network activity.

This video demonstrates a protocol for stimulating the auditory nerve root and recording postsynaptic currents in medial olivocochlear neurons in mouse brain wedge slices.

This video demonstrates a method for detecting sensory neuron responses in Drosophila using ligand binding and fluorescence imaging. Ligands bind to neuron receptors, causing calcium influx. The calcium binds to indicator complexes, leading to fluorescence emission, which confirms the neuronal response to the ligand.

This video demonstrates the operation of closed-loop stimulation in a rat with a surgically implanted device to record neural activity. Neuronal signals are first recorded and analyzed. Template waveforms are then uploaded, and parameters are defined to trigger closed-loop stimulation.

This video demonstrates the procedure for studying synaptic efficiency in the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) by optogenetically stimulating medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) axons and recording the responses of pyramidal neurons in the LEC. This method combines patch-clamp recordings with synaptic activation by light stimulation to study synaptic plasticity.

In this video, Drosophila larvae nerve fibers are immersed in FM dye, which binds to cell membrane lipids. Suction microelectrode and electrical pulses stimulate the endocytosis process, incorporating the FM dye into newly formed endocytic vesicles. This method, which visualizes presynaptic stages of neurotransmission, is useful for studying synaptic function and neurotransmitter release.

This video demonstrates a protocol to study synaptic vesicle recycling at neuromuscular junctions in channelrhodopsin-expressing Drosophila larvae using a fluorescent dye. Blue light activates the channelrhodopsins, causing calcium influx and synaptic vesicle exocytosis. The dye integrates into the neuronal membranes and is internalized during endocytosis, resulting in enhanced fluorescence. Further blue light stimulation induces exocytosis and dye release, which is shown by reduced...

The video demonstrates a procedure for implanting an electrode into the subthalamic nucleus of a rat to deliver electrical stimuli.

This video describes recording compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) in diaphragm muscle fibers in a rat through phrenic nerve stimulation. A high-intensity electric pulse stimulation of the phrenic nerve generates action potentials in the diaphragm muscle fibers, which are observed by obtaining the response curve.

This video demonstrates the process of recording cortical and subcortical neuronal activity using electroencephalography (EEG) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes during an attention-based visual stimulation test.

This video demonstrates a technique for measuring the contralateral silent period (cSP) using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Position the patient's hand prone and place an electrode on the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. Then, place a force-measuring device between the thumb and index finger. Identify the primary motor cortex (M1) region of the brain. Maintain a standardized pressure on the force-measuring device and stimulate the M1 region to record the muscle activity, termed the...

This video demonstrates the method for inducing the modulation of neural activity in cultured human iPSC-derived neurons in a multi-well microelectrode array, or MEA system using a focused ultrasound transducer.

The video demonstrates a study for assessing the impact of direct current stimulation (DCS) on epileptic seizures in mouse brain slices. The brain slices containing the connected medial thalamus (MT) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) regions are placed in a multielectrode array (MEA). Electrical stimuli to the MT and seizure-inducing drugs are applied to induce epileptic seizures in the ACC. DCS is then applied to assess its impact on evoked seizures.

This video demonstrates the stereotactic implantation of a wire electrode array and an optic fiber in the hippocampus of a mouse model.

This video demonstrates the method to use optogenetics to modulate hippocampal network dynamics by activating genetically modified light-sensitive interneurons in a mouse brain slice, enhancing theta oscillation synchronization and studying neural circuit behavior.

This video demonstrates a method to assess functional neuromuscular junctions. Using a bioreactor containing muscle tissue and motor neurons, along with fluorescent microscopy, the light-sensitive channels in the neurons are stimulated to generate electrical signals, causing muscle fiber contractions.