Terminal End Buds
Terminal End Buds - Related Videos
01:44
Termination of Translation
0 Views •
2020
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
00:49
The Tongue and Taste Buds
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2025
The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells. Gustatory receptor cells extend finger-like projections called gustatory hairs (or microvilli) into a region known as the taste pore.
08:48
Targeted in Situ Mutagenesis of Histone Genes in Budding Yeast
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Cited by 5 •
2017
A strategy for generating mutations in histone genes at their endogenous location in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented.
15:02
Analysis of the Development of a Morphological Phenotype as a Function of Protein Concentration in Budding Yeast
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Cited by 1 •
2010
Gene deletion and protein overexpression are common methods for studying functions of proteins. In this article, we describe a protocol for analysis of phenotype development as a function of protein concentration at population and single-cell levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
12:12
Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach
0 Views •
Cited by 10 •
2017
We describe a basic experimental approach for analysis of termination of transcription by RNA polymerase II in vivo using BrUTP by the strand-specific transcription run-on (TRO) approach in budding yeast. This protocol can be extended to study transcription termination by other RNA polymerases both in yeast and higher eukaryotes.
FAQs
The two cell populations support coordinated growth through distinct positions within the bud. Cap cells form the outer layer, while body cells occupy the interior, allowing proliferation and cell movement to occur within an organized epithelial structure. Their coordinated behavior helps the bud remain functionally integrated as it advances and generates the architecture required for developing mammary ducts.
The surrounding extracellular matrix provides an environmental context through which terminal end buds advance across the mammary fat pad. Interactions between bud cells and this matrix help coordinate movement with proliferation, rather than allowing growth to proceed independently of the tissue surroundings. This relationship is important for understanding how epithelial structures extend through a developing tissue.
Ductal development requires more than an increase in cell number. Within terminal end buds, proliferation occurs alongside directed cell movement and interactions with the extracellular matrix. Together, these processes support elongation and branching, linking cellular growth to organized tissue remodeling. This coordination explains how developing mammary epithelium can produce structured ducts instead of an undirected mass of cells.
Puberty is a developmental period when mammary ducts undergo elongation and branching, making terminal end buds useful indicators of hormone-responsive tissue remodeling. Their activity connects cellular behaviors with larger changes in gland architecture. Examining these structures therefore helps relate epithelial organization to developmental signals without separating duct formation from the surrounding tissue environment.
Researchers can use these structures to examine how epithelial cells organize, proliferate, move, and interact with their extracellular environment during normal gland development. Because those activities occur together in a developing mammary tissue, terminal end buds provide a focused way to investigate how local cellular behavior contributes to ductal architecture and tissue remodeling.
Terminal end buds provide a developmental comparison for investigating what happens when normal tissue-building mechanisms become altered. Their organization and growth-related behaviors can be considered in relation to abnormal epithelial remodeling associated with breast disease and tumor progression. This context helps researchers connect changes in cell behavior or tissue interactions with broader disruptions in mammary architecture.