Topical Therapies
Topical Therapies - Related Videos
04:43
Topical Testing Assay: A Technique to Evaluate the Insecticidal Potential of Dopamine Receptor Antagonists on Adult Female Mosquitoes by Topical Application
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate the topical testing assay to determine the toxicity of a potential insecticide on adult female mosquitoes. Using a dopamine receptor antagonist that causes lethal inhibition of neurotransmission in mosquitoes, this method describes a way to evaluate the toxic effects of insecticides upon topical application.
11:44
Preparing and Administering Topical Medications
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2017
Source: Madeline Lassche, MSNEd, RN and Katie Baraki, MSN, RN, College of Nursing, University of Utah, UT Topical medications are applied directly to the body surfaces, including the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, ears, nose, vagina, and rectum. There are many classes of topical medications, such as creams, ointments, lotions, patches, and aerosol sprays. Medications that are applied to the skin to produce a slow, controlled, systemic effect are also referred to as transdermal.
08:44
Generation of Topically Transgenic Rats by In utero Electroporation and In vivo Bioluminescence Screening
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Cited by 7 •
2013
Genes can be manipulated during development of the cortex or the hippocampus of the rat via in utero electroporation (IUE) at E16, to enable fast and targeted modifications in neuronal connectivity for later studies of behavior or neuropathology in adult animals. Postnatal in vivo imaging for control of IUE success is performed by bioluminescence of activating co-transfected luciferase.
05:43
Topical Airway Anesthesia for Awake-endoscopic Intubation Using the Spray-as-you-go Technique with High Oxygen Flow
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Cited by 11 •
2017
The topical anesthetic lidocaine was atomized using a high oxygen flow through the working channel of a flexible intubating endoscope to achieve topical airway anesthesia for awake endotracheal intubation. We prefer this modified spray-as-you-go technique for endoscopic intubation to classical bolus application because of higher patient satisfaction and better compliance.
01:26
Group Therapy
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2025
Group therapy is a sociocultural approach to psychological treatment, where individuals with shared psychological challenges come together under the guidance of a mental health professional. This therapeutic modality offers unique opportunities for individuals to connect, share, and grow within the context of a supportive group. By fostering mutual understanding and collaboration, group therapy can address a range of psychological concerns effectively, often complementing or surpassing the...
FAQs
The formulation does more than carry an active ingredient: it influences how that ingredient reaches tissue within and beyond the outer barrier. Creams, ointments, gels, lotions, and patches can create different delivery conditions, while concentration and contact time affect the amount available to interact with receptors, enzymes, microorganisms, or inflammatory pathways. This helps explain why formulation selection matters for the intended localized effect.
Penetration depends on the condition of the skin, the permeability of the tissue, the drug concentration, and the formulation carrying the active ingredient. Contact time also affects delivery because the ingredient must remain available long enough to diffuse through the outer barrier. Together, these variables influence whether the treatment reaches the targeted tissue at an effective level.
A localized approach places the active ingredient at an accessible surface where the biological effect is needed. This can help limit exposure to the rest of the body while directing activity toward receptors, enzymes, microorganisms, or inflammatory pathways in targeted tissues. The balance depends on penetration and formulation, because insufficient delivery may reduce the intended local response.
Application should account for the selected formulation, active-ingredient concentration, contact time, skin condition, and tissue permeability. These factors influence diffusion through the outer barrier and the amount reaching the target. Considering them together supports a more consistent localized effect and helps researchers interpret why the same active ingredient may perform differently under different surface or tissue conditions.
The overview identifies several major uses: infections, inflammation, pain, and abnormal skin growth. These applications reflect different biological targets, including microorganisms, inflammatory pathways, and processes involving receptors or enzymes. Because the treatment is delivered at an accessible surface, the chosen formulation and penetration characteristics help determine whether the active ingredient can reach the tissue involved in the condition.
They provide a way to study and influence biological activity at skin or other accessible body surfaces. Active ingredients can interact locally with receptors, enzymes, microorganisms, or inflammatory pathways, allowing investigators and clinicians to connect formulation properties with tissue responses. Their use in infections, inflammation, pain, and abnormal skin growth illustrates how delivery conditions shape practical biological outcomes.