Vesicle Priming
Vesicle Priming - Related Videos
06:16
Verbal Priming
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University Human memory seems to work in two broad ways. Like modern computers, the human mind has explicit, or declarative, memory: ask a question, and a person gives the best answer they can. Input a query, and a computer program returns the contents of the relevant parts of its stored memory. Humans also have a second kind of memory system, one not really typical of computers, one that experimental psychologists call implicit. Implicit...
13:54
Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria
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Cited by 2 •
2013
This technique provides a method to harvest, normalize and quantify intracellular growth of bacterial pathogens that are pre-cultivated in natural protozoan host cells prior to infections of mammalian cells. This method can be modified to accommodate a wide variety of host cells for the priming stage as well as target cell types.
08:36
FM Dyes in Vesicle Recycling
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2023
FM dyes are a class of fluorescent molecules that has found important use in studying the vesicle recycling process. By virtue of a chemical structure, these molecules can insert themselves into the outer leaflet of phospholipid bilayer membranes. After membrane insertion, they are internalized into the cell via endocytosed vesicles, and released when these vesicles recycle back to the membrane. Since, these dyes fluoresce strongly in the hydrophobic environment within membranes and weakly in...
04:35
Rapid Isolation of Human Breast Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
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2025
This protocol is designed to expedite and allow for the effective isolation of extracellular vesicles from human breast milk with high purity.
09:34
Intravital Imaging of Neutrophil Priming Using IL-1β Promoter-driven DsRed Reporter Mice
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Cited by 1 •
2016
This current protocol employs fluorescent reporters, in vivo labeling, and intravital imaging techniques to enable monitoring of the dynamic process of neutrophil priming in living animals.
FAQs
Recruitment brings secretory vesicles to the relevant release site, and docking places them at the active zone; priming is the subsequent organizational step. During priming, SNARE proteins and associated factors arrange the docked vesicle into a fusion-ready state. This distinction helps explain how cells separate vesicle positioning from the final preparation required for rapid exocytosis.
Calcium entry provides the trigger that converts a prepared vesicle state into membrane fusion. Voltage-gated calcium channels admit calcium, which binds a calcium sensor on the vesicle; that interaction initiates rapid fusion with the plasma membrane. Consequently, priming determines the availability of vesicles poised to respond when calcium arrives, influencing release timing and secretion efficiency.
SNARE proteins and associated factors help organize the molecular arrangement that makes a docked vesicle ready for fusion. Their role is therefore preparative rather than equivalent to the calcium trigger itself: priming establishes the competent state, whereas calcium binding to the vesicle sensor initiates the rapid fusion event. This separation clarifies how readiness and triggering cooperate during secretion.
Priming provides a mechanistic link between release preparation and synaptic function. If the priming state is regulated, the timing and effectiveness of neurotransmitter release can change, helping explain differences in synaptic strength and short-term plasticity. This makes priming important not only for understanding whether secretion occurs, but also for understanding how rapidly and efficiently synapses adjust their output.
Investigating priming helps connect the molecular organization of docked vesicles with the speed and regulation of secretion. By examining how SNARE proteins, associated factors, calcium channels, and the vesicle sensor cooperate, researchers can interpret why release follows calcium entry rapidly and in a controlled manner. The resulting framework applies to synaptic neurotransmitter release as well as hormone secretion.
Release depends on coordinated preparation, calcium sensing, and membrane fusion, so defects in this machinery can disrupt regulated secretion. In neurons, such disruption may affect neurotransmitter release and synaptic communication; in other secretory cells, it may influence hormone or other cargo release. Studying priming therefore links cellular release mechanisms with neurological and broader secretory disorders.