Pathological Conditions
Pathological Conditions - Related Videos
08:29
Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
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Cited by 7 •
2016
Organized brain cutting procedures are necessary to correlate specific neuropsychiatric phenomena with definitive neuropathologic diagnoses. Brain cuttings are performed differently based on various clinico-academic contingencies. This protocol describes a symmetric bihemispheric brain cutting procedure to investigate hemispheric differences in human brain pathologies and to maximize current and future biomolecular/neuroimaging techniques.
01:24
Evaluating the Effect of a Synbiotic Formulation on Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in Drosophila
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2025
Take a transgenic Drosophila.The brain of the Drosophila expresses the human amyloid peptide protein or APP and a cleaving enzyme.The enzyme cleaves APP, enabling the formation of beta-amyloid plaque, which leads toAlzheimer's disease or AD pathology in Drosophila.Feed the Drosophila AD model a diet containing a synbiotic formulation.The formulation contains a combination of three bioactive probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic.Inside the fly's gut, the prebiotic supports the growth and survival...
06:46
Fear Conditioning
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2023
Fear Conditioning is a type of learning in which an association is established between a negative unpleasant event and a harmless stimulus. This leads to a fear of the harmless stimulus. This process is largely mediated by the amygdala, which is a brain region involved in emotions and stress reactions. Fear conditioning can be utilized in several ways to understand different aspects of learning and memory. This video presents an overview of the principles behind fear conditioning, discusses the...
10:38
DIPLOMA Approach for Standardized Pathology Assessment of Distal Pancreatectomy Specimens
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Cited by 10 •
2020
The current study highlights a standardized approach to the macroscopic assessment of distal pancreatectomy specimens for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with special emphasis on the measurement of pancreatic dimensions and those of other organs, inking of margins, measurement of tumor size and proximity to margins, lymph node sampling and block selection.
05:15
Noninvasive Intratracheal Intubation to Study the Pathology and Physiology of Mouse Lung
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Cited by 22 •
2013
The use of a model that mimics the condition of lung diseases in humans is critical for studying the pathophysiology and/or etiology of a particular disease and for developing therapeutic intervention. Here a noninvasive intratracheal intubation method that can directly deliver exogenous materials to mouse lungs is presented.
FAQs
Genetic changes, infections, immune responses, metabolic disturbances, abnormal cell growth, and environmental exposures can injure cells and tissues through different initiating mechanisms. The resulting changes may include inflammation, degeneration, fibrosis, or reduced organ function. Linking the suspected cause to the observed pattern helps clinicians interpret findings, distinguish related disorders, and assess how disease may progress.
These processes describe different types of biological response or tissue change. Inflammation reflects a tissue response to injury, degeneration indicates deterioration of cellular or structural integrity, and fibrosis represents tissue remodeling associated with scarring. Identifying which process predominates can clarify the nature of the abnormality and indicate whether tissue function may be compromised.
Clinical distinction depends on integrating patient history, physical examination, laboratory testing, imaging, and tissue analysis rather than relying on one finding. Each source contributes different evidence about cause, location, structure, or function. Comparing the combined pattern allows clinicians to separate conditions that produce overlapping manifestations and supports more appropriate risk assessment and treatment selection.
The effect on organ function depends on how disease-related injury alters biological structure and homeostasis. Changes such as degeneration, fibrosis, abnormal cell growth, or extensive inflammation can interfere with normal tissue performance. Evaluating these changes alongside clinical and laboratory findings helps determine the functional significance of a condition and informs prognosis.
Evaluation begins with patient history and physical examination, followed by targeted laboratory testing, imaging, or tissue analysis when needed. Clinicians use the findings to identify potential causes, characterize structural or functional changes, and distinguish related conditions. This stepwise approach supports diagnosis, risk assessment, treatment selection, and estimation of prognosis.
Laboratory testing can provide evidence of biological disturbances, while imaging helps evaluate abnormalities in structures and tissues. Tissue analysis offers direct information about pathological changes at the tissue level. Used together with the patient’s history and examination, these methods provide complementary evidence that strengthens diagnostic interpretation and helps clarify the nature of a condition.
Research examines how genetic, infectious, immune, metabolic, environmental, or abnormal growth processes produce tissue injury and functional disruption. Understanding these mechanisms can reveal distinctions among diseases and identify points for therapeutic intervention. The resulting knowledge supports development of targeted therapies while also improving diagnosis, risk assessment, treatment selection, and prognosis in clinical practice.