Immunoglobulin Isotype Switching
Immunoglobulin Isotype Switching - Related Videos
06:15
Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Cited by 4 •
2018
In this paper, we describe a protocol to characterize T-dependent and T-independent immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype responses in mice using ELISA. This method used alone or in combination with flow cytometry will allow researchers to identify differences in B cell-mediated Ig isotype responses in mice following T-dependent and T-independent antigen immunization.
04:48
A Paper-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of Immunoglobulin G
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2025
The video demonstrates a paper-based immunoassay, involving amine-functionalized cellulose discs cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Covalent immobilization of IgG-Fc-specific capture antibodies, followed by the introduction of immunoglobulin G and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated detection antibodies, results in a color change confirming the presence of immunoglobulin G.
09:49
Induction and Assessment of Class Switch Recombination in Purified Murine B Cells
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Cited by 7 •
2010
Following antigen exposure, subpopulations of activated B cells undergo a process known as class switch recombination (CSR) to produce antibody isotypes with distinct effector functions. The protocol outlined in this report explains how CSR can be induced and analyzed in vitro for the purposes of studying B cell function.
05:04
Viral Antigen Microarray Assay to Detect Antibody Isotypes in Serum Against Viral Antigen
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate the process for detecting antibody isotypes in multiple human serum samples using a microarray slide printed with antigenic subtypes of influenza virus strains.
01:22
Switching of BJT
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2024
Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch. Cut-off Mode ("Off" State): In this state, both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are reverse-biased. The...
FAQs
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase, or AID, initiates switching by creating DNA lesions in switch regions located upstream of immunoglobulin constant-region genes. These lesions provide the initiating damage for recombination, allowing a different constant-region gene to be positioned beside the pre-existing variable-region exon. The molecular outcome changes antibody class while retaining the established antigen-recognition sequence.
Isotype choice is shaped by cytokines and helper T-cell signals received during B-cell activation. These cues influence whether the response favors IgG, IgA, or IgE, rather than leaving constant-region selection independent of the surrounding immune response. Consequently, the same antigen-specific B-cell response can be directed toward an antibody class suited to the particular challenge.
Switching preserves the variable-region exon that determines antigen recognition, so the antibody continues to target the same antigen. It alters the adjacent constant region, which determines major effector properties, tissue distribution, and transport. This separation lets antigen specificity remain stable while the biological behavior of the antibody changes.
The selected class helps determine how an antibody functions and where it can act. IgG, IgA, and IgE represent distinct switching outcomes that can alter tissue distribution and transport. This flexibility allows an antigen-specific response to be directed toward broader pathogen neutralization, mucosal defense, or other immune requirements without replacing the original antigen-recognition sequence.
During infection, cytokines and helper T-cell signals connect antibody-class selection to the immune environment created by the challenge. Switching can therefore produce antibodies with different functional and distributional properties while preserving recognition of the relevant antigen. This adaptability supports pathogen neutralization and helps align humoral immunity with the specific demands of the response.
Switching adds a functional dimension to antigen-specific B-cell responses that can support immune memory. A response may retain recognition of a target while using a selected constant region with particular effector properties, tissue distribution, or transport behavior. Thus, memory can preserve antigen recognition together with class-dependent features that influence later protective antibody activity.