Zoledronate Expansion
Zoledronate Expansion - Related Videos
13:08
Expansion of Human Peripheral Blood γδ T Cells using Zoledronate
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Cited by 87 •
2011
A method to expand γδ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is described. PBMC-derived γδ T cells are stimulated and expanded using zoledronate and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Large scale expansion of γδ T cells can be applied to autologous cellular immunotherapy of cancer.
09:42
Analysis of Thermal Expansion via Dilatometry
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2023
Source: J. Jacob Chavez, Ryan T. Davis, and Taylor D. Sparks, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT Thermal expansion is extremely important when considering which materials will be used in systems that experience fluctuations in temperature. A high or low thermal expansion in a material may or may not be desirable, depending on the application. For instance, in a common liquid thermometer, a material with a high thermal expansion would be...
01:24
Heat and Free Expansion
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2023
The work done by a thermodynamic system depends not only on the initial and final states but also on the intermediate states—that is, on the path. Like work, when heat is added to a thermodynamic system, it undergoes a change of state, and the state attained depends on the path from the initial state to the final state. Consider an ideal gas cylinder fitted with a piston. When the cylinder is heated at a constant temperature, the gas molecules absorb energy and expand slowly in a controlled...
01:22
Thermal Expansion
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2023
The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
08:53
Expansion Microscopy: High-Resolution Fluorescent Imaging with a Conventional Microscope
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Cited by 1 •
2025
Here, we present a detailed protocol combining cryo-fixation and expansion microscopy methods (Cryo-ExM), allowing for high-resolution imaging with structural preservation adapted to various biological samples. Biological samples are frozen, embedded in a swellable polymer, denatured, expanded, and immunolabeled, enabling super-resolution imaging with standard light microscopes.
FAQs
Zoledronate inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, an enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. This interruption causes phosphoantigens to accumulate inside cells, creating the metabolic signal recognized by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. The resulting activation links intracellular metabolic disruption to immune recognition, making the method useful for examining how unconventional T cells detect altered cellular states.
Cytokine support promotes proliferation after the phosphoantigen-driven activation signal has been generated. Zoledronate supplies the metabolic trigger, whereas cytokines help activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells expand in culture. Separating these functions clarifies the underlying mechanism: pathway inhibition initiates recognition, and the culture environment sustains the increase in cell numbers needed for downstream experiments.
These cells provide a model for examining how metabolic changes can regulate unconventional T-cell activation. In zoledronate expansion, disruption of the mevalonate pathway produces phosphoantigen accumulation and a measurable immune response. Studying this sequence helps connect cellular metabolism with antigen recognition, while the resulting activated population supports analysis of immune responses to infection and cancer-related targets.
The approach begins with human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells maintained ex vivo and exposed to zoledronate so that phosphoantigens accumulate through mevalonate-pathway inhibition. Cytokine-supported culture then encourages the activated cells to proliferate. After expansion, the population can be used for functional studies, including antigen recognition, cellular cytotoxicity, and responses relevant to infection or immunotherapy.
This method can produce an activated, relatively uniform population of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Such a population provides a practical source for investigating how these cells recognize antigen and perform cellular cytotoxicity. It also enables researchers to examine broader immune responses under controlled ex vivo conditions, rather than relying only on limited starting cell numbers.
Zoledronate expansion is relevant when investigators need Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to study antimicrobial defense or immune responses to infection. The expanded cells can also support research on adoptive cell therapy and cancer immunotherapy. In this context, the method connects infection-focused immunology with questions about unconventional T-cell function, activation, and therapeutic use.