Cirrhosis Patients
Cirrhosis Patients - Related Videos
01:23
Cirrhosis I: Introduction
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2026
Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
01:24
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology
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2026
Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
08:10
Proper Adjustment of Patient Attire during the Physical Exam
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2023
Source: Jaideep S. Talwalkar, MD, and Joseph Donroe, MD, Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT In order to optimize the predictive value of the physical examination, the provider must perform maneuvers correctly. The proper use of drapes is an important component of correctly performing physical examination maneuvers. Skin lesions are missed when "inspection" occurs through clothing, crackles are erroneously reported when the lungs are examined through a...
05:45
Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of the Cellular Microenvironment in Patient Glioblastoma Resections
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Cited by 10 •
2017
This protocol was developed to quantitatively identify tumor microenvironment components in glioblastoma patient resections using chromogenic immunohistochemistry and ImageJ.
08:40
Methyl-binding DNA capture Sequencing for Patient Tissues
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Cited by 1 •
2016
Here we present a protocol to investigate genome wide DNA methylation in large scale clinical patient screening studies using the Methyl-Binding DNA Capture sequencing (MBDCap-seq or MBD-seq) technology and the subsequent bioinformatics analysis pipeline.
FAQs
Repeated liver injury activates hepatic stellate cells, which produce excess extracellular matrix, the structural material that accumulates during scarring. As this matrix builds up, normal liver architecture becomes distorted rather than merely reduced in volume. That remodeling helps explain why cirrhosis patients can develop simultaneous problems with portal blood flow, detoxification, protein synthesis, and bile processing.
Increased portal pressure is important because it reflects disrupted liver architecture and contributes to complications such as fluid accumulation. It is therefore considered alongside other consequences of liver dysfunction rather than treated as an isolated finding. Medical care addresses portal hypertension together with encephalopathy and impaired detoxification, protein synthesis, and bile processing.
Identifying the underlying cause helps clinicians address the process that continues to injure the liver. Relevant causes include chronic viral hepatitis, alcohol-associated liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction. Linking cirrhosis to its cause supports the broader goal of reducing further injury while clinicians evaluate disease severity and manage complications that have already developed.
Evaluation extends beyond recognizing scarring. Clinicians consider disease severity, the underlying cause, and complications associated with portal hypertension and impaired liver function. This framework helps organize care around the patient's current risks, including fluid accumulation, encephalopathy, and liver cancer. It also supports decisions about monitoring and whether transplantation should be considered.
Management begins with reducing further liver injury and addressing the cause when it is known. Care then focuses on complications, including portal hypertension, fluid accumulation, and encephalopathy, while accounting for impaired detoxification, protein synthesis, and bile processing. This combined approach is necessary because cirrhosis affects several essential liver functions at the same time.
Ongoing monitoring is important because cirrhosis includes a risk of liver cancer in addition to progressive loss of liver function and complications. Clinicians use assessments of severity and complications to determine how closely a patient requires follow-up. When disease burden warrants it, this evaluation also supports timely consideration of liver transplantation as a treatment option.