Surfactant Selection
Surfactant Selection - Related Videos
09:34
Extraction and Characterization of Surfactants from Atmospheric Aerosols
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Cited by 26 •
2017
Methods are presented for the targeted extraction of surfactants present in atmospheric aerosols and the determination of their absolute concentrations and surface tension curves in water, including their Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC).
07:20
Lavage-induced Surfactant Depletion in Pigs As a Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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Cited by 21 •
2016
Repeated pulmonary lavages in anesthetized pigs induce lung injury resembling major aspects of human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). For this purpose the lungs are repeatedly lavaged with 0.9% saline at 37 °C. The goal of the protocol is a reproducible mitigation of gas exchange and hemodynamics for research in ARDS.
10:28
Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids
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Cited by 15 •
2014
This paper demonstrates the experimental procedure to measure terminal settling velocities of spherical particles in surfactant-based shear thinning viscoelastic fluids. Fluids over a wide range of rheological properties are prepared and settling velocities are measured for a range of particle sizes in unbounded fluids and fluids between parallel walls.
06:48
Natural Selection - Concepts
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2019
Fitness Widespread variation of phenotypes in natural populations provides the raw material for evolution, which is the change in the inherited traits of populations over successive generations. Natural selection is one of the main mechanisms of evolution and requires variable traits to be heritable and associated with differential survival and/or reproductive success. Phenotypes that correlate with greater success will have more offspring that survive to reproduce in the next generation, and...
03:14
Artificial Selection - Concepts
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2019
Natural Selection and Adaptive Evolution In natural settings, adaptive evolution takes place by natural selection, a process in which differences in traits lead to differences in survival and reproductive success between individuals. This happens because individuals with certain phenotypes have a higher probability of survival and/or produce more surviving offspring than individuals with other phenotypes. A classic example of this was demonstrated by Rosemary and Peter Grant studying the...
FAQs
Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, or HLB, indicates the relative affinity of a surfactant for water and lipid phases. This property helps align the surfactant with the formulation’s intended interface and supports appropriate behavior in systems such as emulsions and creams. Considering HLB alongside solubility and ingredient compatibility improves the likelihood of maintaining consistent formulation performance.
Critical micelle concentration, or CMC, helps describe the concentration at which surfactant molecules begin forming micelles rather than remaining primarily at interfaces. This information is relevant when surfactants are selected for solubilization or dispersion. Evaluating CMC with surface-tension reduction and formulation conditions helps determine whether the agent can provide the desired performance without unnecessary use.
Solubility, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, critical micelle concentration, and compatibility with other ingredients all influence formulation behavior. Biocompatibility is equally important because an agent must support dispersion, wetting, or solubilization without creating unacceptable safety concerns. Considering these properties together helps preserve product quality while reducing the risk that interactions will compromise therapeutic reliability.
Begin by identifying the formulation type and the interfacial problem, such as inadequate wetting, dispersion, solubilization, or dose uniformity. Then compare candidate surfactants using HLB, CMC, solubility, and compatibility with the other ingredients. Finally, assess formulation conditions, biocompatibility, stability, and performance so the selected agent supports both product quality and safe use.
The choice of surfactant can support several dosage-form and delivery contexts, including emulsions, suspensions, creams, inhaled formulations, and drug-delivery systems. In these settings, the selected agent may improve wetting, dispersion, solubilization, or dose uniformity. The relevant priorities differ with the formulation, so selection must reflect the product’s intended physical behavior and medical use.
Suitability can be judged by examining whether the surfactant produces the intended improvement in dispersion, wetting, solubilization, or dose uniformity while remaining soluble and compatible with the formulation. Researchers should also consider stability, formulation conditions, and biocompatibility. A successful choice balances functional performance with product quality and safety rather than relying on one property alone.