Universal Atrial Coordinate
Universal Atrial Coordinate - Related Videos
23:33
The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
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Cited by 49 •
2012
The accompanying video describes a procedure for percutaneous placement of the WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) Device. The WATCHMAN is a nitinol device designed to be permanently implanted at, or slightly distal to, the opening of the left atrial appendage (LAA) to trap blood clots before they exit the LAA, preventing thromboembolic stroke.
28:13
Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Cited by 11 •
2013
Catheter ablation is combined with placement of the WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device to prevent ischemic stroke in a patient with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
02:57
Coordination Number and Geometry
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2020
For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar. Coordination Number Molecular Geometry Example 2 linear [Ag(NH3)2]+ 3 trigonal planar [Cu(CN)3]2− 4 tetrahedral(d0 or d10), low oxidation...
11:21
Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
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Cited by 12 •
2015
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with an ablation catheter is a curative treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). Robotic catheter systems aim to improve catheter steerability. Here, a procedure with a new robotic catheter system is presented. The goal of the procedure is electrical block between pulmonary vein and left atrium.
02:54
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature
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2020
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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The framework uses shared anatomical landmarks to align each patient-specific atrial surface with a common spatial reference. After registration, corresponding regions receive normalized coordinates rather than remaining tied to an individual heart’s size or shape. This alignment allows researchers to compare the same atrial locations across individuals while preserving their relationship to the underlying chamber anatomy.
Universal Atrial Coordinate systems link the three-dimensional shape of an atrium with electroanatomic mapping measurements collected from corresponding regions. This integration places electrical activity, such as activation patterns and conduction pathways, within a standardized anatomical context. Researchers can therefore examine whether spatially similar regions show comparable electrical behavior across different patient-specific atrial geometries.
Normalized coordinates reduce differences caused by variation in heart size and atrial geometry. Without this adjustment, apparent differences in activation or conduction could reflect spatial scaling rather than meaningful biological variation. A common coordinate framework supports more consistent visualization and quantitative comparison, helping studies distinguish anatomical effects from patterns associated with atrial electrical behavior.
A typical workflow starts with patient-specific atrial surface representations, followed by identification of common anatomical landmarks. The individual surfaces are then registered to a shared reference framework, and corresponding regions receive normalized coordinates. Electroanatomic mapping data can subsequently be associated with those locations, producing a standardized representation for visualizing and comparing atrial activity.
In atrial fibrillation research, standardized spatial representation allows activation patterns, conduction pathways, and other arrhythmia-related features to be compared across individuals and studies. This consistency can strengthen cross-study analysis by reducing geometry-related variation. It also provides a clearer basis for investigating how spatially distributed atrial features relate to the behavior of the arrhythmia.
By placing patient-specific electrical findings within a common atrial spatial framework, the approach can support more consistent interpretation of mapping results. Clinicians and researchers may use these standardized representations to compare arrhythmia-related features between patients while retaining individual anatomy. This context can inform the development of personalized mapping and ablation strategies rather than relying only on unaligned spatial descriptions.