Stereotyping
Stereotyping - Related Videos
02:16
Stereotype Content Model
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2020
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence categorization, a person will feel...
02:09
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies
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2020
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
02:55
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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2020
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...
01:26
Cultural Insensitivity and Stereotypes
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2024
Cultural insensitivity and stereotypes in marketing can lead to significant missteps, damaging a brand's reputation and alienating potential customers. Cultural insensitivity refers to a lack of respect or understanding for cultural differences, often resulting in offensive or inappropriate marketing messages. For instance, using wrong cultural symbols or failing to understand local customs can be seen as disrespectful. Stereotypes, on the other hand, are overgeneralizations about certain...
06:58
Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
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Cited by 5 •
2020
Here, we present a protocol designed to show how negative aging stereotypes can impair memory performance of older adults during cognitive testing and how to reduce this deleterious effect. This method can help older people to perform at an optimal level during testing in both lab studies and clinical settings.
FAQs
Repeated exposure to cultural messages and socially learned patterns can teach people which traits they associate with particular groups. Over time, these associations may become familiar expectations, even without direct experience of every group member. This helps explain why stereotyping can vary across social settings and persist when cultural learning repeatedly presents the same group-based pattern.
Categorization organizes complex social information into manageable mental shortcuts, but it can also direct attention toward information that appears consistent with an existing expectation. Confirmation bias then favors interpreting or remembering that supporting information. Together, these processes can make a generalized belief seem repeatedly validated, even when the available evidence is incomplete or the assumption does not fit an individual.
Stereotyping concerns generalized beliefs or expectations, whereas prejudice and discriminatory behavior are different possible outcomes when those beliefs are applied rigidly. The concepts can therefore be examined separately: researchers can ask whether a person is making an assumption, expressing prejudice, or acting in a discriminatory way. This distinction clarifies which part of intergroup relations an intervention addresses.
Counter-stereotypic examples present instances that do not match a familiar generalized expectation. In psychological interventions, they can broaden the information people consider instead of allowing one group-based pattern to dominate judgment. Their purpose is not to replace one rigid rule with another, but to encourage more individualized evaluation and reduce reliance on stereotype-consistent assumptions.
Structured decision procedures are intended to reduce the opportunity for spontaneous, stereotype-based impressions to determine an evaluation. By organizing how judgments are made, they can encourage consistent consideration rather than leaving each decision to flexible interpretation. As an intervention, this approach supports fairer judgments and gives researchers a way to examine whether decision structure changes the influence of group-based expectations.
Cooperative contact addresses stereotyping through interaction organized around working together rather than simply placing groups near one another. In the psychological study of intergroup relations, this intervention is relevant because it targets relationships between groups and can support fairer judgments. It complements cognitive strategies, such as counter-stereotypic examples, by adding a social and cooperative component.