measurement-mrna-decay-rates-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-using-rpb1-1

Measurement of mRNA Decay Rates in <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> Using <em>rpb1-1</em> Strains

mRNA steady state levels vary depending on environmental conditions. Regulation of the steady state accumulation levels of an mRNA ensures that the ...

Baylor University

The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway is a specialized mRNA degradation pathway that degrades select mRNAs. This pathway is conserved in all eukaryotes examined so far, and it triggers the degradation of mRNAs that prematurely terminate translation. Originally identified as a pathway that degrades mRNAs with premature termination codons as a result of errors during transcription, splicing, or damage to the mRNA, NMD is now also recognized as a pathway that degrades some natural mRNAs. The degradation of natural mRNAs by NMD has been identified in multiple eukaryotes, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, Arabidopsis thaliana, and humans. S. cerevisiae is used extensively as a model to study natural mRNA regulation by NMD. Inactivation of the NMD pathway in S. cerevisiae affects approximately 10% of the transcriptome. Similar percentages of natural mRNAs in the D. melanogaster and human transcriptomes are also sensitive to the pathway, indicating that NMD is important for the regulation of gene expression in multiple organisms. NMD can either directly or indirectly regulate the decay rate of natural mRNAs. Direct NMD targets possess NMD-inducing features. This minireview focuses on the regulation of natural mRNAs by the NMD pathway, as well as the features demonstrated to target these mRNAs for decay by the pathway in S. cerevisiae. We also compare NMD-targeting features identified in S. cerevisiae with known NMD-targeting features in other eukaryotic organisms.

Regulation of natural mRNAs by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway.

The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway was originally identified as a pathway that degrades mRNAs with premature termination codons; however, NMD is now known to regulate natural mRNAs as well. Natural mRNAs are degraded by NMD due to the presence of specific NMD targeting features. An atypically long 3'-UTR is one of the features that has been shown to induce the rapid degradation of mRNAs by NMD in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other organisms. S. cerevisiae CTR2 mRNAs have long 3'-UTRs and are sensitive to NMD, although the extent by which these long 3'-UTRs target the CTR2 mRNAs to the pathway is unknown. Here, we investigated the sequence elements that induce NMD of the CTR2 mRNAs and determined that the long CTR2 3'-UTR is sufficient to target an NMD-insensitive mRNA to the pathway. We also found that, although the CTR2 3'-UTR contributes to NMD-induced degradation, CTR2 mRNAs contain additional NMD-inducing features that function cooperatively with the atypically long 3'-UTR to trigger mRNA degradation. Lengthening the CTR2 ORF abrogates NMD and renders the mRNAs immune to the NMD pathway. Moreover, we found that transcription of CTR2 driven by the GPD promoter, which is not identical to the CTR2 promoter, affects degradation of the transcripts by NMD.

Article	Year
Regulation of natural mRNAs by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway. Eukaryotic cell\| PubMed ID: 25038084	2014
Regulation of CTR2 mRNA by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway. Biochimica et biophysica acta\| PubMed ID: 25257758	2014

Megan Peccarelli

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