the-complete-updated-rotifer-polyculture-method-for-rearing-first

The Complete and Updated "Rotifer Polyculture Method" for Rearing First Feeding Zebrafish

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a model organism of increasing importance in many fields of science.  One of the most demanding technical aspects of ...

Boston Children's Hospital

Zebrafish reproduce in large quantities, grow rapidly, and are transparent early in development. For these reasons, zebrafish have been used extensively to model vertebrate development and disease. Like mammals, zebrafish express dystrophin and many of its associated proteins early in development and these proteins have been shown to be vital for zebrafish muscle stability. In dystrophin-null zebrafish, muscle degeneration becomes apparent as early as 3 days post-fertilization (dpf) making the zebrafish an excellent organism for large-scale screens to identify other genes involved in the disease process or drugs capable of correcting the disease phenotype. Being transparent, developing zebrafish are also an ideal experimental model for monitoring the fate of labeled transplanted cells. Although zebrafish dystrophy models are not meant to replace existing mammalian models of disease, experiments requiring large numbers of animals may be best performed in zebrafish. Results garnered from using this model could lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the muscular dystrophies and the development of future therapies.

Modeling human muscle disease in zebrafish.

The zebrafish Danio rerio, is an important model organism in developmental genetics, neurophysiology and biomedicine, but little is known about its natural ecology and behaviour. It is a small, shoaling cyprinid, native to the flood-plains of the Indian subcontinent, where it is found in shallow, slow-flowing waters. Zebrafish are group spawners and egg scatterers, although females are choosy with respect to sites for oviposition and males defend territories around such sites. Laboratory studies of zebrafish behaviour have encompassed shoaling, foraging, reproduction, sensory perception and learning. These studies are reviewed in relation to the suitability of the zebrafish as a model for studies on cognition and learning, development, behavioural and evolutionary ecology, and behavioural genetics.

The behaviour and ecology of the zebrafish, Danio rerio.

The growth of the zebrafish as a model organism has so far greatly outpaced regulatory oversight governing its care and use in research. However, the same levels of regulation that characterize the use of traditional mammalian model animals will likely be extended to zebrafish, especially as use of the animal continues to increase. The challenge for both the zebrafish research community and regulatory agents is to ensure that emerging guidelines are sensible and serve to promote quality science and the highest standards of animal care. This brief review summarizes a panel discussion that was convened on this subject at the World Aquaculture Society's Aquaculture America 2009 Conference in Seattle, Washington. The current regulatory environment in the United States is discussed, and a set of generalized recommendations for developing new guidelines is presented.

Regulatory compliance and the zebrafish.

Zebrafish Danio rerio are important models for biomedical research, and thus, there is an increased concern about diseases afflicting them. Here we describe infections by Pleistophora hyphessobryconis (Microsporidia) in zebrafish from 3 laboratories. As reported in other aquarium fishes, affected zebrafish exhibited massive infections in the skeletal muscle, with no involvement of smooth or cardiac muscle. In addition, numerous spores within macrophages were observed in the visceral organs, including the ovaries. Transmission studies and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence comparisons confirmed that the parasite from zebrafish was P. hyphessobryconis as described from neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi. Ten 15 d old zebrafish were exposed to P. hyphessobryconis collected from 1 infected neon tetra, and 7 of 10 fish became infected. Comparison of P. hyphessobryconis small subunit rRNA gene sequence from neon tetra with that obtained from zebrafish was nearly identical, with < 1% difference. Given the severity of infections, P. hyphessobryconis should be added to the list of pathogens that should be avoided in zebrafish research facilities, and it would be prudent to avoid mixing zebrafish used in research with other aquarium fishes.

Pleistophora hyphessobryconis (Microsporidia) infecting zebrafish Danio rerio in research facilities.

Promoting high rates of growth and survival can be a major challenge in zebrafish culture, especially during the first-feeding stage. Here we describe a new rearing technique in which zebrafish larvae are polycultured in static tanks with Type "L" saltwater rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) for the first 5 days of feeding (days 5-9 postfertilization). To demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique, we conducted rearing trials using fish from two different strains: AB and nacre. Growth, survival, water quality, and rotifer density were assayed daily through the polyculture phase (days 5-9), and during the transition to standard rearing conditions (days 10-12). After that point, once the fish were fully integrated onto recirculating systems, parameters were measured once per week out to day 30. In all trials, the fish displayed high rates of growth and survival throughout the three phases (polyculture, transition, and recirculating flow), indicating that this method may be employed during the critical first-feeding stage to help improve rearing performance in zebrafish facilities. Additionally, water quality parameters observed during the polyculture phase of the trials reveal that early zebrafish larvae are much more tolerant of elevated levels of ammonia and salinity than previously believed.

A novel method for rearing first-feeding larval zebrafish: polyculture with Type L saltwater rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis).

Over the past several decades, a number of fish species, including the zebrafish, medaka, and platyfish/swordtail, have become important models for human health and disease. Despite the increasing prevalence of these and other fish species in research, methods for health maintenance and the management of diseases in laboratory populations of these animals are underdeveloped. There is a growing realization that this trend must change, especially as the use of these species expands beyond developmental biology and more towards experimental applications where the presence of underlying disease may affect the physiology animals used in experiments and potentially compromise research results. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop, improve, and implement strategies for managing health and disease in aquatic research facilities. The purpose of this review is to report the proceedings of a workshop entitled "Animal Health and Disease Management in Research Animals" that was recently held at the 5th Aquatic Animal Models for Human Disease in September 2010 at Corvallis, Oregon to discuss the challenges involved with moving the field forward on this front.

The challenges of implementing pathogen control strategies for fishes used in biomedical research.

&#x6591;&#x9A6C;&#x9C7C;&#x662F;&#x4F18;&#x826F;&#x7684;&#x9057;&#x4F20;&#x548C;&#x53D1;&#x80B2;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x5B66;&#x548C;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x3002;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x9AD8;&#x7E41;&#x6B96;&#x529B;&#x4E0E;&#x5173;&#x8054;&#x7684;&#x6591;&#x9A6C;&#x9C7C;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x5176;&#x751F;&#x6B96;&#x6F5C;&#x529B;&#x5C1A;&#x672A;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x7531;&#x79D1;&#x5B66;&#x5BB6;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x662F;&#x80DA;&#x80CE;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x662F;&#x6548;&#x7387;&#x4E0D;&#x9AD8;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5236;&#x5B9A;&#x4E86;&#x65E8;&#x5728;&#x523A;&#x6FC0;&#x9C7C;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x7E41;&#x6B96;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x521B;&#x65B0;&#x80B2;&#x79CD;&#x8239;&#x53EA;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B0;&#x578B;&#x88C5;&#x7F6E;&#x4F7F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x80DA;&#x80CE;&#x53D1;&#x80B2;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x7B80;&#x4ECB;&#x548C;&#x52B3;&#x52A8;&#x548C;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x4E2D;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7A97;&#x53E3;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#xFF0C;&#x548C;&#x6700;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;&#x6295;&#x8D44;&#x3002;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x8BC1;&#x660E;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x6548;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x653E;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x5355;&#x72EC;&#x7684;&#x7EC4; (n = 180) &#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x9C7C;&#x548C;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x4EA7;&#x5375;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x6B21;&#x95F4;&#x9694; 10 &#x5206;&#x949F;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x8BD5;&#x9A8C;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x90FD;&#x91CD;&#x590D;&#x4E09;&#x6B21;&#xFF0C;&#x9C7C;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x751F;&#x4EA7; 8600&plusmn;917&#x3001; 8400&plusmn;794 &#x548C; 6800&plusmn;1997 &#x80DA;&#x80CE;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#x7684;&#x80DA;&#x80CE;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8FD1;&#x4E24;&#x500D;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x90FD;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x9C7C;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5E38;&#x89C4;&#x6742;&#x4EA4;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x5927;&#x5927;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x66F4;&#x5C11;&#x7684;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x548C;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x548C;&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x3002;&#x8BE5;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x514B;&#x670D;&#x4E86;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x548C;&#x52B3;&#x52A8;&#x529B;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x6240;&#x56FA;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x4EA7;&#x5375;&#x5728;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x6781;&#x5927;&#x5730;&#x52A0;&#x5FEB;&#x52AA;&#x529B;&#x6539;&#x5584;&#x7684;&#x89C4;&#x6A21;&#x548C;&#x541E;&#x5410;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x3002;

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The zebrafish is an excellent genetic and developmental model system used to study biology and disease. While the zebrafish model is associated with high fecundity, its reproductive potential has not been completely realized by scientists. One major issue is that embryo collection is inefficient. Here, we have developed an innovative breeding vessel designed to stimulate the natural reproductive behavior of the fish. This novel apparatus allows us to collect large numbers of developmentally synchronized embryos in brief and defined windows of time, and with minimal investments in labor and space. To demonstrate the efficacy of this approach, we placed three separate groups (nâ€Š=â€Š180) of fish in the vessel and allowed them to spawn for 10-minute intervals. During these trials, which were repeated three times, the fish produced 8600Â±917, 8400Â±794, and 6800Â±1997 embryos, respectively. This level of embryo production is nearly twice what we were able to achieve when using conventional crossing equipment with some of the same fish, and it required significantly less room and time to set up and break down. This system overcomes major space and labor restrictions inherent in spawning equipment currently used in the field, and will greatly accelerate efforts to improve the scale and throughput of experiments.

A new system for the rapid collection of large numbers of developmentally staged zebrafish embryos.

Le poisson z&#xE8;bre est un excellent mod&#xE8;le g&#xE9;n&#xE9;tique et d&#xE9;veloppemental utilis&#xE9; pour &#xE9;tudier la biologie et de la maladie. Alors que le mod&#xE8;le de poisson z&#xE8;bre est associ&#xE9;e &#xE0; une f&#xE9;condit&#xE9; &#xE9;lev&#xE9;e, son potentiel de reproduction n&#x26;#39;a pas &#xE9;t&#xE9; compl&#xE8;tement r&#xE9;alis&#xE9; par les scientifiques. Un probl&#xE8;me majeur est que la collecte d&#x26;#39;embryons est inefficace. Ici, nous avons d&#xE9;velopp&#xE9; un navire de reproduction novateur con&#xE7;u pour stimuler le comportement de reproduction naturelle des poissons. Ce nouvel appareil nous permet de recueillir un grand nombre d&#x26;#39;embryons d&#xE9;veloppemental synchronis&#xE9;es dans les fen&#xEA;tres de br&#xE8;ves et de temps d&#xE9;finie, et avec peu d&#x26;#39;investissements dans le travail et l&#x26;#39;espace. Pour d&#xE9;montrer l&#x26;#39;efficacit&#xE9; de cette approche, nous avons plac&#xE9; trois groupes distincts (n = 180) de poissons dans le navire et leur a permis de reproduire pour 10 minutes d&#x26;#39;intervalle. Au cours de ces essais, qui ont &#xE9;t&#xE9; r&#xE9;p&#xE9;t&#xE9;s trois fois, le poisson produit 8600 &#xB1; 917, 8400 &#xB1; 794, et 6800 &#xB1; 1997 embryons, respectivement. Ce niveau de production d&#x26;#39;embryons est presque deux fois ce que nous &#xE9;tions en mesure d&#x26;#39;atteindre lorsqu&#x26;#39;on utilise un &#xE9;quipement croisement classique avec une partie de la m&#xEA;me poisson, et il a fallu beaucoup moins de place et de temps pour mettre en place et se d&#xE9;composent. Ce syst&#xE8;me permet de surmonter l&#x26;#39;espace majeur et des restrictions de travail inh&#xE9;rentes &#xE0; l&#x26;#39;&#xE9;quipement de frai actuellement utilis&#xE9; dans le domaine, et elle va grandement acc&#xE9;l&#xE9;rer les efforts visant &#xE0; am&#xE9;liorer l&#x26;#39;ampleur et le d&#xE9;bit d&#x26;#39;exp&#xE9;riences.

Un nouveau syst&#xE8;me pour la collecte rapide de grands nombres de Developmentally Staged embryons de poisson z&#xE8;bre

Der Zebrab&auml;rbling ist ein hervorragendes Modell der genetischen und Entwicklungsst&ouml;rungen-System verwendet, Biologie und Krankheiten zu studieren. W&auml;hrend das Zebrafisch-Modell mit hoher Fruchtbarkeit verbunden ist, ist ihre reproduktive Potential nicht vollst&auml;ndig von den Wissenschaftlern realisiert worden. Ein gro&szlig;es Problem ist, dass Embryoentnahme ineffizient ist. Hier haben wir eine innovative Zucht-Schiff entworfen, um das nat&uuml;rliche reproduktive Verhalten der Fische anzuregen entwickelt. Dieses neuartige Ger&auml;t erm&ouml;glicht es uns, die gro&szlig;e Anzahl von entwicklungspolitisch synchronisierte Embryonen in K&uuml;rze zu sammeln und Windows von Zeit, und mit minimalen Investitionen in Arbeit und Raum definiert. Um die Wirksamkeit dieses Ansatzes zu demonstrieren, haben wir drei separate Gruppen gelegt (n = 180) Fische im Beh&auml;lter und erlaubte ihnen, f&uuml;r 10-Minuten-Takt zu laichen. W&auml;hrend dieser Studien, die dreimal wiederholt wurden, produziert die Fische 8600&plusmn;917, 8400&plusmn;794 und 6800&plusmn;1997 Embryonen. Dieses Niveau der Embryo-Produktion ist fast zweimal was wir bei Verwendung von konventionellen Kreuzung Ausr&uuml;stung mit einigen der gleichen Fische erzielen konnten, und es ben&ouml;tigt deutlich weniger Raum und Zeit zum Einrichten und brechen. Dieses System &uuml;berwindet wichtigen Platz und Arbeit Einschr&auml;nkungen innewohnenden Laichen Ausr&uuml;stung, die derzeit in der Praxis eingesetzt und Bem&uuml;hungen zur Verbesserung des Umfangs und der Durchsatz von Experimenten wird erheblich beschleunigen.

Ein neues System f&uuml;r die schnelle Sammlung einer gro&szlig;en Zahl von entwicklungspolitisch inszenierten Zebrafisch-Embryonen.

Il Danio rerio &egrave; un sistema eccellente modello genetico e sviluppo utilizzato per studiare biologia e malattia. Mentre il modello zebrafish &egrave; associato con alta fecondit&agrave;, il suo potenziale riproduttivo non &egrave; stato realizzato completamente da scienziati. Una questione importante &egrave; che insieme embrione &egrave; inefficiente. Qui, abbiamo sviluppato un vascello di allevamento innovativo progettato per stimolare il naturale comportamento riproduttivo dei pesci. Questo apparato romanzo ci permette di raccogliere un gran numero di embrioni evolutivamente sincronizzati in breve e definito windows del tempo e con investimenti minimi nel lavoro e nello spazio. Per dimostrare l&#39;efficacia di questo approccio, abbiamo messo tre gruppi distinti (n = 180) di pesce nel vaso e ha permesso loro di deporre le uova per intervalli di 10 minuti. Durante queste prove, che sono state ripetute tre volte, il pesce prodotto 8600&plusmn;917, 8400&plusmn;794 e 6800&plusmn;1997 gli embrioni, rispettivamente. Questo livello di produzione degli embrioni &egrave; quasi due volte quello che siamo stati in grado di raggiungere quando si utilizzano attrezzature convenzionali incrocio con alcuni dei pesci stessi, e ha richiesto significativamente meno spazio e tempo di set up e abbattere. Questo sistema supera maggiore spazio e manodopera restrizioni inerenti attrezzature attualmente utilizzate nel campo della riproduzione e accelerer&agrave; notevolmente gli sforzi per migliorare la portata e la velocit&agrave; effettiva di esperimenti.

Un nuovo sistema per la raccolta rapida di un gran numero di embrioni di zebrafish inerente allo sviluppo in scena.

&#x30BC;&#x30D6;&#x30E9;&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30C3;&#x30B7;&#x30E5;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x5B66;&#x3084;&#x75C5;&#x6C17;&#x3092;&#x52C9;&#x5F37;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306B;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x308B;&#x512A;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x907A;&#x4F1D;&#x7684;&#x8981;&#x56E0;&#x3068;&#x767A;&#x9054;&#x30E2;&#x30C7;&#x30EB;&#x30B7;&#x30B9;&#x30C6;&#x30E0;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x30BC;&#x30D6;&#x30E9;&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30C3;&#x30B7;&#x30E5;&#x306E;&#x30E2;&#x30C7;&#x30EB;&#x306F;&#x9AD8;&#x3044;&#x7E41;&#x6B96;&#x529B;&#x306B;&#x95A2;&#x9023;&#x4ED8;&#x3051;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x304C;&#x3001;&#x305D;&#x306E;&#x751F;&#x6B96;&#x80FD;&#x529B;&#x306F;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x306B;&#x79D1;&#x5B66;&#x8005;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x5B9F;&#x73FE;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x306A;&#x3044;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x3064;&#x306E;&#x5927;&#x304D;&#x306A;&#x554F;&#x984C;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x80DA;&#x306E;&#x53CE;&#x96C6;&#x304C;&#x975E;&#x52B9;&#x7387;&#x3067;&#x3042;&#x308B;&#x3068;&#x3044;&#x3046;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x3053;&#x3067;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x9B5A;&#x306E;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x7E41;&#x6B96;&#x884C;&#x52D5;&#x3092;&#x523A;&#x6FC0;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306B;&#x8A2D;&#x8A08;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x9769;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x98FC;&#x80B2;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x3092;&#x958B;&#x767A;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x65B0;&#x3057;&#x3044;&#x88C5;&#x7F6E;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x79C1;&#x305F;&#x3061;&#x306F;&#x6642;&#x9593;&#x306E;&#x77ED;&#x3044;&#x3068;&#x5B9A;&#x7FA9;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x30A6;&#x30A3;&#x30F3;&#x30C9;&#x30A6;&#x3067;&#x767A;&#x9054;&#x540C;&#x671F;&#x80DA;&#x3092;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x306B;&#x53CE;&#x96C6;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x304C;&#x3067;&#x304D;&#x3001;&#x52B4;&#x50CD;&#x3068;&#x7A7A;&#x9593;&#x306E;&#x6700;&#x5C0F;&#x9650;&#x306E;&#x6295;&#x8CC7;&#x3067;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x30A2;&#x30D7;&#x30ED;&#x30FC;&#x30C1;&#x306E;&#x6709;&#x52B9;&#x6027;&#x3092;&#x5B9F;&#x8A3C;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306B;&#x3001;&#x6211;&#x3005;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5185;&#x306E;&#x9B5A;&#x306E;3&#x3064;&#x306E;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x7FA4;&#xFF08;n = 180&#xFF09;&#x3092;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x3057;&#x3001;&#x305D;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x3092;10&#x5206;&#x9593;&#x9694;&#x3067;&#x51FA;&#x73FE;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x304C;&#x3067;&#x304D;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x8A66;&#x9A13;&#x306E;&#x9593;&#x3001;3&#x56DE;&#x7E70;&#x308A;&#x8FD4;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x3001;&#x9B5A;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#xB1;917&#x3001;8400&#xB1;794&#x3001;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;6800&#xB1;1997&#x306E;&#x80DA;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x305D;&#x308C;&#x305E;&#x308C;8600&#x3092;&#x4F5C;&#x308A;&#x51FA;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x80DA;&#x751F;&#x7523;&#x306E;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x30EC;&#x30D9;&#x30EB;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x6211;&#x3005;&#x306F;&#x540C;&#x3058;&#x9B5A;&#x306E;&#x3044;&#x304F;&#x3064;&#x304B;&#x3092;&#x3001;&#x5F93;&#x6765;&#x306E;&#x6A2A;&#x65AD;&#x6A5F;&#x5668;&#x3092;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x5834;&#x5408;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x9054;&#x6210;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x304C;&#x3067;&#x304D;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x304B;&#x307B;&#x307C;&#x500D;&#x3067;&#x3042;&#x308A;&#x3001;&#x305D;&#x308C;&#x306F;&#x8A2D;&#x5B9A;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x3068;&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x3057;&#x5927;&#x5E45;&#x306B;&#x5C11;&#x306A;&#x3044;&#x90E8;&#x5C4B;&#x3068;&#x6642;&#x9593;&#x3092;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x3068;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x30B7;&#x30B9;&#x30C6;&#x30E0;&#x306F;&#x73FE;&#x5728;&#x3001;&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30FC;&#x30EB;&#x30C9;&#x3067;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x7523;&#x5375;&#x6A5F;&#x5668;&#x306B;&#x5185;&#x5728;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x306A;&#x7A7A;&#x9593;&#x3068;&#x52B4;&#x50CD;&#x306E;&#x5236;&#x9650;&#x3092;&#x514B;&#x670D;&#x3057;&#x3001;&#x5927;&#x5E45;&#x306B;&#x5B9F;&#x9A13;&#x306E;&#x898F;&#x6A21;&#x3068;&#x30B9;&#x30EB;&#x30FC;&#x30D7;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x3092;&#x5411;&#x4E0A;&#x3055;&#x305B;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306E;&#x52AA;&#x529B;&#x3092;&#x52A0;&#x901F;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x304D;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;

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Zebrafish&#xB294; &#xC0DD;&#xBB3C;&#xD559; &#xBC0F; &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1;&#xC744; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xB370; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC6B0;&#xC218;&#xD55C; &#xC720;&#xC804;&#xACFC; &#xBC1C;&#xB2EC; &#xBAA8;&#xB378; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. Zebrafish &#xBAA8;&#xB378; &#xB192;&#xC740; fecundity&#xC640; &#xC5F0;&#xACB0; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xB3D9;&#xC548; &#xC0DD;&#xC2DD; &#xC7A0;&#xC7AC;&#xB825; &#xACFC;&#xD559;&#xC790; &#xB4E4;&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xC644;&#xC804;&#xD788; &#xC2E4;&#xD604; &#xB418;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC558;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC758; &#xC8FC;&#xC694; &#xBB38;&#xC81C;&#xB294; &#xBC30;&#xC544; &#xCEEC;&#xB809;&#xC158;&#xC740; &#xBE44;&#xD6A8;&#xC728;&#xC801;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC5EC;&#xAE30;, &#xBB3C;&#xACE0;&#xAE30;&#xC758; &#xC790;&#xC5F0;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xC0DD;&#xC2DD; &#xD589;&#xB3D9;&#xC744; &#xC790;&#xADF9; &#xD558;&#xB3C4;&#xB85D; &#xC124;&#xACC4; &#xB41C; &#xD601;&#xC2E0;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xC0AC;&#xC721; &#xC6A9;&#xAE30;&#xB97C; &#xAC1C;&#xBC1C; &#xD588;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC774; &#xC18C;&#xC124;&#xC740; &#xAE30;&#xAE30; &#xBC1C;&#xB2EC; &#xB3D9;&#xAE30;&#xD654; &#xB41C; &#xBC30;&#xC544;&#xC758; &#xD070; &#xC22B;&#xC790;&#xB97C; &#xAC04;&#xB2E8; &#xD558; &#xAC8C; &#xC218;&#xC9D1; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4; &#xBC0F; &#xACF5;&#xAC04; &#xB4F1;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC708;&#xB3C4;&#xC6B0; &#xC2DC;&#xAC04;, &#xADF8;&#xB9AC;&#xACE0; &#xCD5C;&#xC18C;&#xD55C;&#xC758; &#xD22C;&#xC790;&#xC640; &#xC815;&#xC758;. &#xC774; &#xBC29;&#xBC95;&#xC758; &#xD6A8;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; &#xC785;&#xC99D; &#xD558; &#xC6B0;&#xB9AC;&#xB294; 3 &#xAC1C;&#xC758; &#xBCC4;&#xB3C4; &#xADF8;&#xB8F9; &#xBC30;&#xCE58; (n = 180) &#xADF8;&#xB987;&#xC5D0; &#xC0DD;&#xC120;&#xC758; 10 &#xBD84; &#xAC04;&#xACA9;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC0B0;&#xB780;&#xC744; &#xADF8;&#xB4E4;&#xC744; &#xD5C8;&#xC6A9; &#xD558; &#xACE0;. &#xC138; &#xBC88;&#xC744; &#xBC18;&#xBCF5; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;, &#xC774;&#xB7EC;&#xD55C; &#xC2E4;&#xD5D8; &#xBB3C;&#xACE0;&#xAE30; 8600&plusmn;917, 8400&plusmn;794, &#xBC0F; 6800&plusmn;1997 &#xBC30;&#xC544;&#xB97C; &#xAC01;&#xAC01; &#xC0DD;&#xC0B0;. &#xC774; &#xC218;&#xC900;&#xC758; &#xBC30;&#xC544; &#xC0DD;&#xC0B0;&#xC740; &#xAC70;&#xC758; &#xB450; &#xBC88; &#xC6B0;&#xB9AC; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xBB3C;&#xACE0;&#xAE30;&#xC758; &#xC77C;&#xBD80;&#xC640; &#xD568;&#xAED8; &#xAE30;&#xC874;&#xC758; &#xD6A1;&#xB2E8; &#xC7A5;&#xBE44;&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xB97C; &#xB2EC;&#xC131;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC5C8;&#xB2E4; &#xACE0; &#xADF8;&#xAC83; &#xD544;&#xC694;&#xD55C; &#xC0C1;&#xB2F9;&#xD788; &#xC801;&#xC740; &#xACF5;&#xAC04;&#xACFC; &#xC2DC;&#xAC04;&#xC744; &#xC124;&#xC815; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xBB34; &#xB108; &#xB728;. &#xC774; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C; &#xC8FC;&#xC694; &#xACF5;&#xAC04; &#xBC0F; &#xC7A5;&#xBE44; &#xD544;&#xB4DC;&#xC5D0; &#xD604;&#xC7AC; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xB418;&#xB294; &#xC0B0;&#xB780;&#xC5D0; &#xB0B4;&#xC7AC; &#xB41C; &#xB178;&#xB3D9; &#xC81C;&#xD55C;&#xC744; &#xADF9;&#xBCF5; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xD06C;&#xAC8C; &#xADDC;&#xBAA8;&#xC640; &#xC2E4;&#xD5D8;&#xC758; &#xCC98;&#xB9AC;&#xB7C9;&#xC744; &#xAC1C;&#xC120; &#xD558;&#xAE30; &#xC704;&#xD574; &#xB178;&#xB825;&#xC744; &#xAC00;&#xC18D;&#xD654;&#xD560; &#xAC83; &#xC774;&#xB2E4;.

&#xB9CE;&#xC740; &#xC218;&#xC758; &#xBC1C;&#xB2EC; &#xB2E8;&#xACC4;&#xC801;&#xB41C; zebrafish &#xD0DC;&#xC544;&#xC758; &#xAE09;&#xC18D; &#xD55C; &#xCEEC;&#xB809;&#xC158;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC0C8;&#xB85C;&#xC6B4; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C;.

El pez cebra es un excelente sistema modelo gen&#xE9;tico y de desarrollo utilizado para estudiar la biolog&#xED;a y la enfermedad. Mientras que el modelo del pez cebra se asocia con una alta fecundidad, su potencial reproductivo no ha sido completamente realizado por los cient&#xED;ficos. Una cuesti&#xF3;n importante es que la recolecci&#xF3;n de los embriones es ineficiente. En este sentido, hemos desarrollado un criadero flotante innovadora dise&#xF1;ada para estimular el comportamiento natural de reproducci&#xF3;n de los peces. Este nuevo aparato nos permite recoger un gran n&#xFA;mero de embriones de desarrollo sincronizados en las ventanas breves y definidos de tiempo, y con inversiones m&#xED;nimas en el trabajo y el espacio. Para demostrar la eficacia de este enfoque, se colocaron tres grupos (n = 180) de los peces en el vaso y les ha permitido generar a intervalos de 10 minutos. Durante estos ensayos, que se repitieron tres veces, el pescado producido 8.600 &#xB1; 917, 8400 &#xB1; 794, y 6800 &#xB1; 1997 embriones, respectivamente. Este nivel de producci&#xF3;n de embriones es casi el doble de lo que fueron capaces de lograr cuando se utiliza equipo de cruce convencional con algunos de los mismos peces, y se requiere mucho menos espacio y tiempo para crear y romper. Este sistema supera el espacio mayor y restricciones laborales inherentes en los equipos de desove se utilizan actualmente en el campo, y acelerar&#xE1; los esfuerzos para mejorar la escala y el rendimiento de los experimentos.

Un nuevo sistema para la toma r&#xE1;pida de grandes cantidades de Desarrolladamente por etapas embriones de pez cebra

Despite the growing popularity of the zebrafish model system, the optimal husbandry conditions for this animal are not well defined. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of stocking density on reproductive performance in zebrafish. In this study, undertaken by eight different zebrafish facilities, clutches of at least 200 wild-type zebrafish embryos from a single pairwise mating were produced at each participating institution and subsequently reared according to "in-house protocols" until they were 14 weeks old. Fish were then randomly assigned into treatment groups with balanced sex ratios and densities of 3, 6, or 12 fish/L. After a 1-month acclimation period, fish were spawned in pair crosses every 2 weeks for 3 months, for a total of six spawning dates. The number of viable and nonviable embryos produced in each clutch were counted at 1 day postfertilization. Although there was a great deal of variability in clutch size and percent spawning success among laboratories, there were no significant differences in average clutch size, spawning success, or percent viable among the treatment densities. These data suggest that using stocking densities as high as 12 fish/L does not have a negative impact on performance, when measured by reproductive performance.

The effect of stocking densities on reproductive performance in laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio).

The zebrafish has emerged over the past several decades to become a mainstream animal model. While the growth of the use of the fish in basic biomedical research has been characterized by innovation, the methods and tools for fish husbandry, management, and care have been slow to evolve beyond those conceived during the initial establishment of the model system. While these approaches and technologies have certainly served the purposes of the field, they must now be improved to better match the widening scope and scale of research being done in fish. Such advances are made possible by applying new scientific information to the development of more sophisticated approaches for fish husbandry and management, and by considering the lessons learned during the establishment of the rodent model system. This review highlights the recent progress made in various areas of fish husbandry and management and points out new directions for further improvements.

Advances in zebrafish husbandry and management.

The zebrafish and the medaka are both important model organisms in biomedical research. Both species are frequently characterized as having a generation time of approximately 2-4 months, but the precise onset of sexual maturity and the variability of reproductive success with age have not been previously examined. The authors studied reproduction in replicate groups of wild-type zebrafish (strain AB) and medakas (strain Cab) that were maintained together in the same aquaculture system. Length, weight and survival of the fish were measured and recorded once per week. Reproductive success and viability of offspring were also evaluated. Both zebrafish and medakas began producing viable embryos within 60 d post-fertilization. These findings show that it is possible to successfully maintain populations of both species within the same research infrastructure without compromising reproductive success or embryo viability.

Generation time of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medakas (Oryzias latipes) housed in the same aquaculture facility.

The saltwater rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, is widely used in the aquaculture industry as a prey item for first-feeding fishes due to its ease of culture, small size, rapid reproductive rate, and amenability to enrichment with nutrients. Despite the distinct advantages of this approach, rotifers have only been sporadically utilized for rearing larval zebrafish, primarily because of the common misconception that maintaining cultures of rotifers is difficult and excessively time-consuming. Here we present simple methods for maintaining continuous cultures of rotifers capable of supporting even the very largest zebrafish aquaculture facility, with minimal investments in materials, time, labor, and space. Examples of the methods' application in one large, existing facility is provided, and troubleshooting of common problems is discussed.

Methods for culturing saltwater rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) for rearing larval zebrafish.

&#x623F;&#x5C4B;&#x6591;&#x9A6C;&#x9C7C;&#x5728;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x533B;&#x5B66;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x4E2D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x6218;&#x7565;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x5927;&#x5927;&#x5728;&#x8FC7;&#x53BB;&#x4E09;&#x5E74;&#x3002;&#x8981;&#x8DDF;&#x4E0A;&#x6B65;&#x4F10;&#x7684;&#x8FC5;&#x901F;&#x6269;&#x5F20;&#x548C;&#x6591;&#x9A6C;&#x9C7C;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#xFF0C;&#x5916;&#x5730;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x5DF2;&#x4ECE;&#x4E00;&#x7EA7;&#x7684;&#x6C34;&#x65CF;&#x9986;&#x7231;&#x597D;&#x8005;&#x517B;&#x9C7C;&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x4E1A;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x5DE5;&#x5382;&#x5316;&#x6C34;&#x4EA7;&#x517B;&#x6B96;&#x3002;&#x8BB8;&#x591A;&#x5546;&#x4E1A;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4F9B;&#x5E94;&#x5546;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x65E5;&#x76CA;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x623F;&#x5C4B;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x9650;&#x5EA6;&#x5730;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5B89;&#x7F6E;&#x5728;&#x7ED9;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x8DB3;&#x8FF9;&#x7684;&#x52A8;&#x7269;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x539F;&#x5219;&#xFF0C;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x5927;&#x578B;&#x3001; &#x591A;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x5BA1;&#x67E5;&#x65E8;&#x5728;&#x7ECF;&#x7406;&#x3001; &#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x5BA4;&#x52A8;&#x7269;&#x517D;&#x533B;&#x3001; &#x8C03;&#x67E5;&#x5458;&#x3001; &#x548C;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x5404;&#x65B9;&#x8D1F;&#x8D23;&#x7167;&#x987E;&#x548C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x52A8;&#x7269;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x5168;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x6591;&#x9A6C;&#x9C7C;&#x4F4F;&#x623F;&#x5236;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x548C;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x539F;&#x5219;&#x6982;&#x8FF0;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x6B64;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x6765;&#x5E2E;&#x52A9;&#x5EFA;&#x8BBE;&#x7684;&#x65B0;&#x8BBE;&#x65BD;&#x548C;/&#x6216;&#x5347;&#x7EA7;&#x548C;&#x7EF4;&#x62A4;&#x73B0;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x52A8;&#x8BA1;&#x5212;&#x3002;

&#x6591;&#x9A6C;&#x9C7C;&#x4F4F;&#x623F;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF1A; &#x5BA1;&#x67E5;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x7ECF;&#x8425;&#x539F;&#x5219;&#x548C;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x548C;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x4E8B;&#x9879;&#x3002;

The strategies for housing zebrafish used in biomedical research have evolved considerably over the past three decades. To keep pace with the rapid expansion and development of the zebrafish model system, the field has generally moved from keeping fish at the level of aquarium hobbyist to that of industrialized, recirculating aquaculture. Numerous commercial system vendors now offer increasingly sophisticated housing systems based on design principles that maximize the number of animals that can be housed in a given space footprint, and they are thus able to support large and diverse research programs. This review is designed to provide managers, lab animal veterinarians, investigators, and other parties responsible for care and use of these animals with a comprehensive overview of the basic operating and design principles of zebrafish housing systems. This information can be used to help plan the construction of new facilities and/or the upgrade and maintenance of existing operations.

Zebrafish housing systems: a review of basic operating principles and considerations for design and functionality.

Les strat&eacute;gies de logement zebrafish utilis&eacute;s en recherche biom&eacute;dicale ont &eacute;volu&eacute; consid&eacute;rablement au cours des trois derni&egrave;res d&eacute;cennies. Pour suivre le rythme de l&#39;expansion rapide et le d&eacute;veloppement du syst&egrave;me mod&egrave;le poisson z&egrave;bre, le domaine a g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement transf&eacute;r&eacute;s de garder le poisson au niveau de l&#39;amateur de l&#39;aquarium &agrave; celui de pays industrialis&eacute;s, l&#39;aquaculture de recirculation. Nombreux vendeurs de syst&egrave;mes commerciaux offrent maintenant des syst&egrave;mes de logement de plus en plus sophistiqu&eacute;es bas&eacute;es sur les principes de conception qui maximisent le nombre d&#39;animaux qui peuvent &ecirc;tre log&eacute;es dans un encombrement de l&#39;espace donn&eacute;, et ils sont donc en mesure d&#39;appuyer les programmes de recherche important et diversifi&eacute;. Cet examen est con&ccedil;u pour fournir une vue d&#39;ensemble des principes fondamentaux de fonctionnement et la conception du poisson-z&egrave;bre, syst&egrave;mes de logement de gestionnaires, v&eacute;t&eacute;rinaires animaux de laboratoire, chercheurs et autres parties responsables pour le soin et l&#39;utilisation de ces animaux. Cette information peut servir &agrave; aider &agrave; planifier la construction de nouvelles installations ou la mise &agrave; niveau et l&#39;entretien des installations existantes.

Syst&egrave;mes de stabulation de poisson-z&egrave;bre : un examen des principes de base d&#39;exploitation et consid&eacute;rations relatives &agrave; la conception et la fonctionnalit&eacute;.

Le strategie per l&#39;alloggiamento dello zebrafish utilizzate nella ricerca biomedica si sono evoluti considerevolmente negli ultimi tre decenni. Per tenere il passo con la rapida espansione e lo sviluppo del sistema modello zebrafish, il campo &egrave; generalmente spostato da mantenendo il pesce a livello di hobbista acquario a quello di industrializzato, ricircolo dell&#39;acquacoltura. Numerosi fornitori di sistemi commerciali ora offrono sistemi di stabulazione sempre pi&ugrave; sofisticato basati su principi di progettazione che massimizzare il numero di animali che possono essere alloggiati in un dato spazio, e sono quindi in grado di sostenere programmi di ricerca vasta e diversificata. Questa recensione &egrave; progettata per fornire gestori, veterinari degli animali di laboratorio, gli investigatori e altri responsabili dell&#39;utilizzo di questi animali e la cura con una panoramica completa dei principi fondamentali di funzionamento e design di zebrafish stabulazione. Questa informazione pu&ograve; essere utilizzata per pianificare la costruzione di nuovi impianti e/o l&#39;aggiornamento e la manutenzione di operazioni esistenti.

Sistemi di stabulazione di zebrafish: una revisione dei principi di funzionamento di base e delle considerazioni per design e funzionalit&agrave;.

&#x4F4F;&#x5B85;&#x30BC;&#x30D6;&#x30E9;&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30C3;&#x30B7;&#x30E5;&#x306E;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x533B;&#x5B66;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x3067;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306E;&#x6226;&#x7565;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x304B;&#x306A;&#x308A;&#x3001;&#x904E;&#x53BB;&#x4E09;&#x5341;&#x5E74;&#x9593;&#x9032;&#x5316;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x304D;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x30BC;&#x30D6;&#x30E9;&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30C3;&#x30B7;&#x30E5; &#x30E2;&#x30C7;&#x30EB; &#x30B7;&#x30B9;&#x30C6;&#x30E0;&#x306E;&#x958B;&#x767A;&#x3068;&#x6025;&#x901F;&#x306A;&#x62E1;&#x5927;&#x30DA;&#x30FC;&#x30B9;&#x3092;&#x4FDD;&#x3064;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306B;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30FC;&#x30EB;&#x30C9;&#x306E;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x7684;&#x306B;&#x9B5A;&#x306E;&#x6C34;&#x65CF;&#x9928;&#x8DA3;&#x5473;&#x306E;&#x30EC;&#x30D9;&#x30EB;&#x3092;&#x7DAD;&#x6301;&#x304B;&#x3089;&#x79FB;&#x52D5;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x5148;&#x9032;&#x3001;&#x5FAA;&#x74B0;&#x990A;&#x6B96;&#x3002;&#x591A;&#x304F;&#x306E;&#x5546;&#x7528;&#x30B7;&#x30B9;&#x30C6;&#x30E0; &#x30D9;&#x30F3;&#x30C0;&#x30FC;&#x306F;&#x4ECA;&#x4E0E;&#x3048;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x7A7A;&#x9593;&#x306E;&#x30D5;&#x30C3;&#x30C8; &#x30D7;&#x30EA;&#x30F3;&#x30C8;&#x3067;&#x53CE;&#x5BB9;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x304C;&#x3067;&#x304D;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x52D5;&#x7269;&#x306E;&#x6570;&#x3092;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x5316;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x8A2D;&#x8A08;&#x539F;&#x7406;&#x306B;&#x57FA;&#x3065;&#x304F;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x6D17;&#x7DF4;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x4F4F;&#x5B85;&#x30B7;&#x30B9;&#x30C6;&#x30E0;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x3042;&#x308A;&#x3001;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x304C;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x5927;&#x898F;&#x6A21;&#x304B;&#x3064;&#x591A;&#x69D8;&#x306A;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x30D7;&#x30ED;&#x30B0;&#x30E9;&#x30E0;&#x3092;&#x30B5;&#x30DD;&#x30FC;&#x30C8;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x304C;&#x3067;&#x304D;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x30EC;&#x30D3;&#x30E5;&#x30FC;&#x306F;&#x30DE;&#x30CD;&#x30FC;&#x30B8;&#x30E3;&#x30FC;&#x3001;&#x30E9;&#x30DC;&#x52D5;&#x7269;&#x7363;&#x533B;&#x5E2B;&#x3001;&#x8ABF;&#x67FB;&#x5B98;&#x3001;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x4ED6;&#x306E;&#x5F53;&#x4E8B;&#x8005;&#x306E;&#x8CAC;&#x4EFB;&#x3001;&#x30B1;&#x30A2;&#x3001;&#x3053;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x52D5;&#x7269;&#x306E;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x306E;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x4F4F;&#x5B85;&#x30B7;&#x30B9;&#x30C6;&#x30E0; &#x30BC;&#x30D6;&#x30E9;&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30C3;&#x30B7;&#x30E5;&#x306E;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x3068;&#x30C7;&#x30B6;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x539F;&#x5247;&#x306E;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x6982;&#x8981;&#x3092;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306B;&#x8A2D;&#x8A08;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x60C5;&#x5831;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x65B0;&#x3057;&#x3044;&#x8A2D;&#x5099;&#x3084;&#x30A2;&#x30C3;&#x30D7;&#x30B0;&#x30EC;&#x30FC;&#x30C9;&#x306E;&#x5EFA;&#x8A2D;&#x3084;&#x65E2;&#x5B58;&#x4E8B;&#x696D;&#x306E;&#x30E1;&#x30F3;&#x30C6;&#x30CA;&#x30F3;&#x30B9;&#x3092;&#x8A08;&#x753B;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306B;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x304C;&#x3067;&#x304D;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;

&#x30BC;&#x30D6;&#x30E9;&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30C3;&#x30B7;&#x30E5;&#x4F4F;&#x5B85;&#x30B7;&#x30B9;&#x30C6;&#x30E0;: &#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x52D5;&#x4F5C;&#x539F;&#x7406;&#x3068;&#x30C7;&#x30B6;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x3068;&#x6A5F;&#x80FD;&#x6027;&#x306E;&#x8003;&#x616E;&#x4E8B;&#x9805;&#x306E;&#x898B;&#x76F4;&#x3057;&#x3002;

&#xC8FC;&#xD0DD; zebrafish &#xC0DD;&#xBB3C; &#xC758;&#xD559; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C;&#xC5D0; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC804;&#xB7B5;&#xC740; &#xC9C0;&#xB09C; 3 &#xB144;&#xAC04; &#xC0C1;&#xB2F9;&#xD788; &#xC9C4;&#xD654; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. Zebrafish &#xBAA8;&#xB378; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C;&#xC758; &#xAC1C;&#xBC1C;&#xACFC; &#xAE09;&#xC18D; &#xD55C; &#xD655;&#xB300;&#xC640; &#xD568;&#xAED8; &#xACC4;&#xC18D; &#xD544;&#xB4DC;&#xC758; &#xBB3C;&#xACE0;&#xAE30; &#xC218;&#xC871;&#xAD00; &#xCDE8;&#xBBF8; &#xC218;&#xC900; &#xC720;&#xC9C0;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC774;&#xB3D9; &#xC77C;&#xBC18;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC0B0;&#xC5C5;&#xD654;, &#xC7AC;&#xC21C;&#xD658; &#xC591;&#xC2DD; &#xC5C5;. &#xC9C0;&#xAE08; &#xC8FC;&#xC5B4;&#xC9C4;&#xB41C; &#xACF5;&#xAC04; &#xBC1C;&#xC790;&#xAD6D;&#xC5D0;&#xB294; &#xC720; &#xC219; &#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xB3D9;&#xBB3C;&#xC758; &#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xCD5C;&#xB300;&#xD654; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xB514;&#xC790;&#xC778; &#xC6D0;&#xCE59;&#xC5D0; &#xB530;&#xB77C; &#xC810;&#xC810; &#xB354; &#xC815;&#xAD50;&#xD55C; &#xC8FC;&#xD0DD; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C;&#xC744; &#xC81C;&#xACF5; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC218;&#xB9CE;&#xC740; &#xC0C1;&#xC5C5; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C; &#xACF5;&#xAE09; &#xC5C5;&#xCCB4; &#xBC0F; &#xADF8;&#xB4E4;&#xC740; &#xB530;&#xB77C;&#xC11C; &#xD06C;&#xACE0; &#xB2E4;&#xC591; &#xD55C; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C; &#xD504;&#xB85C;&#xADF8;&#xB7A8;&#xC744; &#xC9C0;&#xC6D0;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC774; &#xAC80;&#xD1A0;&#xB294; &#xAD00;&#xB9AC;&#xC790;, &#xC2E4;&#xD5D8; &#xB3D9;&#xBB3C; &#xC218; &#xC758;&#xC0AC;, &#xC870;&#xC0AC;, &#xBC0F; &#xB2E4;&#xB978; &#xB2F9;&#xC0AC;&#xC790; &#xAD00;&#xC2EC;&#xACFC;&#xC774; &#xB3D9;&#xBB3C;&#xC758; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xCC45;&#xC784; zebrafish &#xC8FC;&#xAC70; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C;&#xC758; &#xAE30;&#xBCF8; &#xC6B4;&#xC601; &#xBC0F; &#xB514;&#xC790;&#xC778; &#xC6D0;&#xCE59;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xD3EC;&#xAD04;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xAC1C;&#xC694;&#xB97C; &#xC81C;&#xACF5; &#xD558;&#xB3C4;&#xB85D; &#xC124;&#xACC4; &#xB418;&#xC5C8;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC0C8;&#xB85C;&#xC6B4; &#xC2DC;&#xC124; &#xBC0F; &#xC5C5;&#xADF8;&#xB808;&#xC774; &#xB4DC;&#xC758; &#xAC74;&#xC124; &#xBC0F; &#xAE30;&#xC874; &#xC791;&#xC5C5;&#xC758; &#xC720;&#xC9C0; &#xAD00;&#xB9AC; &#xACC4;&#xD68D; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xB3C4;&#xB85D;&#xC774; &#xC815;&#xBCF4;&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

Zebrafish &#xC8FC;&#xD0DD; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C;: &#xAE30;&#xBCF8;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xC791;&#xB3D9; &#xC6D0;&#xB9AC; &#xBC0F; &#xB514;&#xC790;&#xC778; &#xBC0F; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xACE0;&#xB824; &#xC0AC;&#xD56D;&#xC744; &#xAC80;&#xD1A0; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

Las estrategias de pez cebra de la vivienda usada en la investigaci&oacute;n biom&eacute;dica han evolucionado considerablemente durante las &uacute;ltimas tres d&eacute;cadas. Para mantener el ritmo de la r&aacute;pida expansi&oacute;n y desarrollo del sistema de modelo de pez cebra, el campo generalmente ha pasado de mantener peces a nivel de aficionado de acuario de industrializados, recirculaci&oacute;n acu&iacute;cola. Numerosos vendedores de sistema comercial ahora ofrecen sistemas de vivienda cada vez m&aacute;s sofisticados basados en principios de dise&ntilde;o que maximizan el n&uacute;mero de animales que puede instalarse en un espacio dado espacio, y por lo tanto son capaces de apoyar programas de investigaci&oacute;n amplio y diverso. Esta revisi&oacute;n est&aacute; dise&ntilde;ada para proporcionar a los administradores, veterinarios de animales de laboratorio, investigadores y otros responsables del cuidado y uso de estos animales con una visi&oacute;n global de los principios b&aacute;sicos de funcionamiento y dise&ntilde;o de pez cebra sistemas de vivienda. Esta informaci&oacute;n puede usarse para ayudar a planificar la construcci&oacute;n de nuevas instalaciones o la actualizaci&oacute;n y mantenimiento de las operaciones existentes.

Sistemas de alojamiento de pez cebra: una revisi&oacute;n de los principios b&aacute;sicos de funcionamiento y consideraciones para el dise&ntilde;o y funcionalidad.

A future in zebrafish.

Previously established rearing protocols for zebrafish begin feeding with marine rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis), followed by Artemia nauplii until the fish reach subadult stage, the developmental time point at which they can be most easily transitioned onto a processed diet. However, the inclusion of Artemia is less than ideal, given its fluctuating availability and high costs. We tested whether or not we could replace Artemia with rotifers during our normal rearing sequence and still meet published performance standards for (i) weaning fish onto a processed diet by 25 days postfertilization (dpf) and (ii) successful breeding by 60 dpf. Here, we present the results of trials where wild-type and casper zebrafish were fed exclusively with rotifers (R) or rotifers followed by Artemia (RA) for the first 25 dpf after which point all fish were transitioned to a processed diet (Gemma Micro 300). We measured growth and survival at days 25 and 60, and tested for reproductive capability at 60 dpf. While growth performance was significantly better in the RA groups, we were still able to meet goals for both weaning and generation time in the R groups without compromising survival or sex ratios.

Successful Replacement of Artemia salina nauplii with Marine Rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) in the Diet of Preadult Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Sexually mature zebrafish were housed as single male-female pairs with or without plastic vegetation for 1, 5, or 10 d for comparison of whole-body cortisol measured by radioimmunoassay. Individually housed male zebrafish were used as controls. In the fish that were pair-housed without vegetation (NVeg), one animal died in 5 of 24 pairs, and one animal was alive but wounded in an additional pair. No deaths or wounds occurred in the fish that were pair-housed with vegetation (Veg). Cortisol levels did not differ between the treatment groups on day 1. On day 5, cortisol values were higher in the Veg group than in the individually housed fish (P < 0.0005) and the NVeg fish (P = 0.004). On day 10, the relationships were inversed: cortisol levels had risen in the individually housed and NVeg groups and had fallen to baseline levels in the Veg group. Cortisol values on day 10 were lower in the Veg group than in the individually housed (P = 0.004) and NVeg (P = 0.05) groups. Cortisol levels in individually housed male zebrafish increased over time. Although this study did not demonstrate a reduction in cortisol levels associated with providing vegetation, this enrichment prevented injury and death from fighting. These findings show how commonly used housing situations may affect the wellbeing of laboratory zebrafish.

Article	Year
Modeling human muscle disease in zebrafish. Biochimica et biophysica acta\| PubMed ID: 16934958	2007
The behaviour and ecology of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society\| PubMed ID: 18093234	2008
Regulatory compliance and the zebrafish. Zebrafish\| PubMed ID: 19916799	2009
Pleistophora hyphessobryconis (Microsporidia) infecting zebrafish Danio rerio in research facilities. Diseases of aquatic organisms\| PubMed ID: 20853741	2010
A novel method for rearing first-feeding larval zebrafish: polyculture with Type L saltwater rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis). Zebrafish\| PubMed ID: 20936984	2010
The challenges of implementing pathogen control strategies for fishes used in biomedical research. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP\| PubMed ID: 21726668	2012
A new system for the rapid collection of large numbers of developmentally staged zebrafish embryos. PloS one\| PubMed ID: 21738776	2011
The effect of stocking densities on reproductive performance in laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish\| PubMed ID: 21854208	2011
Advances in zebrafish husbandry and management. Methods in cell biology\| PubMed ID: 21924176	2011
Generation time of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medakas (Oryzias latipes) housed in the same aquaculture facility. Lab animal\| PubMed ID: 22614091	2012
Methods for culturing saltwater rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) for rearing larval zebrafish. Zebrafish\| PubMed ID: 22950820	2012
Zebrafish housing systems: a review of basic operating principles and considerations for design and functionality. ILAR journal / National Research Council, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources\| PubMed ID: 23382349	2012
A future in zebrafish. Lab animal\| PubMed ID: 25602399	2015
Successful Replacement of Artemia salina nauplii with Marine Rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) in the Diet of Preadult Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish\| PubMed ID: 26107114	2015
Effects of Habitat Complexity on Pair-Housed Zebrafish. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS\| PubMed ID: 26224437	2015

Christian Lawrence

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