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Rapid Acquisition of 3D Images Using High-resolution Episcopic Microscopy

High-resolution episcopic microscopic (HREM) technology enables rapid acquisition of high-resolution digital volumetric and three-dimensional (3D) ...

Wenzhou Medical University

Serratane triterpenoids were identified from Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) Holub, including serratane-3alpha,14alpha,15alpha,20beta,21beta,24,29-heptol (1), 3alpha,20beta,21beta-trihydroxyserrat-14-en-24-oic acid (2), 3beta,20beta,21beta-trihydroxyserrat-14-en-24-oic acid (3), 3alpha,20beta,21beta-trihydroxy-16-oxoserrat-14-en-24-oic acid (4), and 16-oxolyclanitin-29-yl E-4'-hydroxyl-3'-methoxycinnamate (5) on the basis of their spectroscopic data as well as nine known analogs.

Polyhydroxyserratane triterpenoids from Diphasiastrum complanatum.

Photosynthesis, leaf structure, nitrogen content and nitrogen allocation in photosynthetic functions of Cypripedium flavum were studied in a naturally varying light regime. Light-saturated leaf net photosynthetic rate (A max) was strongly correlated with leaf dry mass per area (LMA), mesophyll conductance (g (m)) and area-based leaf nitrogen content (N area), with all variables increasing with increasing irradiance. Such coordinate variation of all these parameters illustrates the plastic response of leaf structure to high light (HL). Leaf N area was greater under HL than in low light (LL). The fractions of leaf nitrogen partitioning in carboxylation (P (R)) and bioenergetics (P (B)) were positively related to LMA. In contrast, P (R) and P (B) decreased with increasing mass-based leaf nitrogen content (N mass). However, no correlation was found between leaf nitrogen investment in light harvesting (P (L)) and either LMA or N mass. Like maximum rate of carboxylation (V cmax) and electron transport (J max), the J max/V cmax ratio, which was strongly correlated to LMA, also increased significantly with irradiance. Under HL, leaf maximum photosynthetic nitrogen efficiency (ANUE) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) were greater than in LL conditions, despite a small difference in WUE. This suggests that a functional balance in the photosynthetic machinery favors leaf photosynthetic plasticity of C. flavum in response to different light conditions. Given an ample soil nitrogen supply, C. flavum may offset its susceptibility to HL by efficient nitrogen use and higher stomatal and mesophyll conductance against photoinhibition so as to keep leaf photosynthesis positive.

Photosynthetic performance along a light gradient as related to leaf characteristics of a naturally occurring Cypripedium flavum.

By targeting multi-active sites of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a series of huperzine A (Hup A) derivatives with various aromatic ring groups were designed and synthesized by Schiff reaction. They were evaluated as AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors. Results showed very significant specificity that the group of imine derivatives could inhibit TcAChE and hAChE, but no inhibitory effect on hBChE was detected. The experiment was explained by a docking study. In the docking model, we confirmed that aromatic ring of Hup A derivatives played the pi-pi stacking against aminophenol residues of AChE, and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) was discussed.

Rational design and synthesis of highly potent anti-acetylcholinesterase activity huperzine A derivatives.

Four serratane-type triterpenes ( 1- 4) were isolated from D. COMPLANATUM. Their chemical structures were elucidated as 14alpha,15alpha,20beta,21beta,24,27alpha,29-heptahydroxyserrat-3-one ( 1), 3beta,14alpha,15alpha,20beta,21beta,24,27alpha,29-octahydroxyserratane ( 2), 3alpha,14alpha,20beta,21beta,24,27alpha,29-heptahydroxyserratane ( 3) and 3beta,14alpha,21beta,24,27alpha-pentahydroxyl-serratane-29-yl ( E)- P-coumarate ( 4) by spectroscopic methods (MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and X-ray crystallography. Interestingly, the most characteristic methylene (C-27) of the serratane ring C was oxidized to a methine. Compound 4 showed significant cytotoxic activity against the human leukemia K562/S and the doxorubicin-resistant K562/R cell lines, but the other compounds were inactive.

Cytotoxic serratane triterpenes from Diphasiastrum complanatum with a hydroxy group at C-27.

Seven new serratene triterpenoids, 3alpha,21beta,29-trihydroxy-16-oxoserrat-14-en-24-oic acid (1), 3beta,21beta,29-trihydroxy-16-oxoserrat-14-en-24-oic acid (2), 3beta,21beta,29-trihydroxyserrat-14-en-24-oic acid 3beta-(4-hydroxybenzoate) (3), 3beta,21beta,29-trihydroxyserrat-14-en-24-oic acid 3beta-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate) (4), 3beta,14alpha,15alpha,21beta,29-pentahydroxyserrat-14-en-24-oic acid 3beta-(4-hydroxybenzoate) (5), 3alpha,21beta,24,29-tetrahydroxyserrat-14-en-16-one (6), 3alpha,21beta,30-trihydroxyserrat-14-en-16-one (7) were isolated from Palhinhaea cernua var. sikkimensis, together with twelve known compounds (8-19). Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and comparison with literature values.

Serratene triterpenoids from Palhinhaea cernua var. sikkimensis.

An investigation of phytochemicals from the roots of Jatropha curcas cv. nigroviensrugosus resulted in the isolation of twenty diterpenoids, including lathyranlactone, an unusual diterpenoid lactone possessing a 5/13/3 tricyclic skeleton, jatrocurcasenones A-E and jatrophodiones B-E, as well as 10 known analogues. All isolates were evaluated for cytotoxicity against the HL-60, SMMC-772, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480 human tumor cell lines using the MTS viability assay. Four of the known analogues showed cytotoxic activity in these cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 2.0 to 23.0 μM. Moreover, the assessment of their cytotoxic structure-activity relationships showed the epoxy ring between C-5 and C-6 and the hydroxyl group at C-2 were the key functionalities for cytotoxicity.

Cytotoxic diterpenoids from Jatropha curcas cv. nigroviensrugosus CY Yang Roots.

Phytochemical investigation of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma capense led to isolation of eight aromatic meroterpenoids (1-8). Ganocapensins A and B (1, 2) possessed a thirteen-membered and a fourteen-membered ether rings, respectively. The structures of new isolates including absolute configuration were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic technologies and Mosher's method. All isolated compounds showed significant antioxidant effects with IC50 values ranging from 6.00±0.11 to 8.20±0.30μg/ml in the DPPH radical scavenging assay.

Article	Year
Polyhydroxyserratane triterpenoids from Diphasiastrum complanatum. Phytochemistry\| PubMed ID: 17850835	2008
Photosynthetic performance along a light gradient as related to leaf characteristics of a naturally occurring Cypripedium flavum. Journal of plant research\| PubMed ID: 18807119	2008
Rational design and synthesis of highly potent anti-acetylcholinesterase activity huperzine A derivatives. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry\| PubMed ID: 19726199	2009
Cytotoxic serratane triterpenes from Diphasiastrum complanatum with a hydroxy group at C-27. Planta medica\| PubMed ID: 19787568	2010
Serratene triterpenoids from Palhinhaea cernua var. sikkimensis. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin\| PubMed ID: 19952448	2009
Cytotoxic diterpenoids from Jatropha curcas cv. nigroviensrugosus CY Yang Roots. Phytochemistry\| PubMed ID: 26209936	2015
Antioxidant farnesylated hydroquinones from Ganoderma capense. Fitoterapia\| PubMed ID: 27083379	2016

Zhongrong Li

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