reproducible-motor-deficit-following-aortic-occlusion-rat-model

Reproducible Motor Deficit Following Aortic Occlusion in a Rat Model Of Spinal Cord Ischemia

Spinal cord ischemia is a fatal complication following thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Researchers can investigate the strategies for preventing ...

SNU Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea

Transfusion-induced hyperkalemia can lead to cardiac arrest, especially when the patient rapidly receives a large amount of red blood cells (RBCs), previously stored for a long period of time, irradiated or both. We report on a case of application of the Continuous AutoTransfusion System (CATS) to wash RBCs, in order to lower the high potassium (K(+)) level in the packed RBCs unit, during massive transfusion following transfusion-induced hyperkalemic cardiac arrest. After the washing process using CATS, there was no more electrocardiographic abnormality or cardiac arrest due to hyperkalemia. This case emphasizes the potential risk to develop transfusion-related hyperkalemic cardiac arrest, during massive transfusion of irradiated, pre-stored RBCs. CATS can be effectively used to lower the K(+) concentration in the packed RBCs unit, especially when the risk of transfusion-induced hyperkalemia is high.

Application of the continuous autotransfusion system (CATS) to prevent transfusion-related hyperkalemia following hyperkalemic cardiac arrest in an infant -A case report-.

Because complications are more common in patients with cerebral palsy (CP), surgeons and anesthesiologists must be aware of perioperative morbidity and be prepared to recognize and treat perioperative complications. This study aimed to determine the incidence of and risk factors for perioperative complications of orthopedic surgery on the lower extremities in patients with CP. We reviewed the medical records of consecutive CP patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Medical history, anesthesia emergence time, intraoperative body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, immediate postoperative complications, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, Cormack-Lehane classification, and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification were analyzed. A total of 868 patients was included. Mean age at first surgery was 11.8 (7.6) yr. The incidences of intraoperative hypothermia, absolute hypotension, and absolute bradycardia were 26.2%, 4.4%, and 20.0%, respectively. Twenty (2.3%) patients had major complications, and 35 (4.0%) patients had minor complications postoperatively. The incidences of intraoperative hypothermia, absolute hypotension, and major postoperative complications were significantly higher in patients at GMFCS levels IV and V compared with patients at GMFCS levels I to III (P<0.001). History of pneumonia was associated with intraoperative absolute hypotension and major postoperative complications (P<0.001). These results revealed that GMFCS level, patient age, hip reconstructive surgery, and history of pneumonia are associated with adverse effects on intraoperative body temperature, the cardiovascular system, and immediate postoperative complications.

Perioperative complications of orthopedic surgery for lower extremity in patients with cerebral palsy.

Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) is an anesthesia technique combining local anesthesia with parenteral drugs for sedation and analgesia. The use of MAC is increasing for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in and outside of the operating room due to the rapid postoperative recovery with the use of relatively small amounts of sedatives and analgesics compared to general anesthesia. The purposes of MAC are providing patients with safe sedation, comfort, pain control and satisfaction. Preoperative evaluation for patients with MAC is similar to those of general or regional anesthesia in that patients should be comprehensively assessed. Additionally, patient cooperation with comprehension of the procedure is an essential component during MAC. In addition to local anesthesia by operators or anesthesiologists, systemic sedatives and analgesics are administered to provide patients with comfort during procedures performed with MAC. The discretion and judgment of an experienced anesthesiologist are required for the safety and efficacy profiles because the airway of the patients is not secured. The infusion of sedatives and analgesics should be individualized during MAC. Many procedures in and outside of the operating room, including eye surgery, otolaryngologic surgery, cardiovascular procedures, pain procedures, and endoscopy are performed with MAC to increase patient and operator satisfaction.

Monitored anesthesia care in and outside the operating room.

Numerous factors are associated with mortality after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) was an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality after hip fracture surgery in the elderly. The electronic medical records of 772 elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years) undergoing hip fracture surgery from May 2003 to November 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients comprised a high CRP group (>10.0 mg/dL) and low CRP group (≤10.0 mg/dL), based upon preoperative CRP levels. The overall 1-year mortality was 14.1%; the value was significantly higher in the high CRP group than in the low CRP group (31.8% vs 12.5%; P < 0.001). On binary logistic regression, body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.99; P = 0.025), history of malignancy (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.47-4.57; P = 0.001), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA PS) class 3-4 (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.25-3.07; P = 0.003), preoperative albumin (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.25-0.61; P < 0.001), preoperative CRP > 10.0 mg/dL (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.09-3.80; P = 0.025), postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.15-4.59; P = 0.019), and creatinine on the second postoperative day (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.00-1.45; P = 0.048) were independent predictors of 1-year mortality after hip surgery. Male gender and low preoperative hemoglobin were associated with in-hospital mortality, whereas delayed surgery and femoral neck fracture were related to the 6-month mortality. Low preoperative albumin and low body mass index predicted the 6-month and 1-year mortality. An increased preoperative CRP level, particularly >10.0 mg/dL, was associated with the 1-year mortality after hip fracture surgery in the elderly. In addition, a history of malignancy, high ASA PS score, and postoperative ICU admission were related to mortality after hip fracture.

C-reactive protein is an independent predictor for 1-year mortality in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: A retrospective analysis.

Volatile anesthetics are a potential risk for cognitive impairment in the developing brain. Isoflurane causes cell death, reduces neurogenesis, and changes neuronal differentiation. In this study, the effects of a single isoflurane exposure on the developing human brain were evaluated using human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs).

Isoflurane decreases proliferation and differentiation, but none of the effects persist in human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells.

The type of postoperative cognitive decline after surgery under spinal anesthesia is unknown. We investigated the type of postoperative cognitive decline after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Neuropsychological testing was conducted and the changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers after surgery were evaluated.

Postoperative cognitive changes after total knee arthroplasty under regional anesthesia.

Ischemia and the following reperfusion damage are critical mechanisms of spinal cord injury. Statins have been reported to decrease ischemia-reperfusion injury in many organs including the spinal cord. Anti-oxidative effect is one of the main protective mechanisms of statin against neuronal death and cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that statins' anti-oxidative property would yield neuroprotective effects on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury METHODS: Primary cultured spinal cord motor neurons were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses. Ischemia-reperfusion injury model was induced by 60 min of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and 24 h of reoxygenation. Healthy and OGD cells were treated with simvastatin at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 μM for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed using water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST)-8, cytotoxicity with LDH, and production of free radicals with DCFDA (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate).

Simvastatin protects ischemic spinal cord injury from cell death and cytotoxicity through decreasing oxidative stress: in vitro primary cultured rat spinal cord model under oxygen and glucose deprivation-reoxygenation conditions.

Reduced lung volumes are unavoidable after lung resection surgery. Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) administration has been reported to reduce the requirement for neuromuscular blocking drugs and postoperative analgesics in surgical patients.

Article	Year
Application of the continuous autotransfusion system (CATS) to prevent transfusion-related hyperkalemia following hyperkalemic cardiac arrest in an infant -A case report-. Korean journal of anesthesiology\| PubMed ID: 22474558	2012
Perioperative complications of orthopedic surgery for lower extremity in patients with cerebral palsy. Journal of Korean medical science\| PubMed ID: 25829819	2015
Monitored anesthesia care in and outside the operating room. Korean journal of anesthesiology\| PubMed ID: 27482307	2016
C-reactive protein is an independent predictor for 1-year mortality in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: A retrospective analysis. Medicine\| PubMed ID: 27787371	2016
Isoflurane decreases proliferation and differentiation, but none of the effects persist in human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. Journal of anesthesia\| PubMed ID: 27817157	2017
Postoperative cognitive changes after total knee arthroplasty under regional anesthesia. Medicine\| PubMed ID: 28033253	2016
Simvastatin protects ischemic spinal cord injury from cell death and cytotoxicity through decreasing oxidative stress: in vitro primary cultured rat spinal cord model under oxygen and glucos... Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research\| PubMed ID: 28241838	2017
Magnesium sulphate improves pulmonary function after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. European journal of anaesthesiology\| PubMed ID: 28437264	2017

Hye-Min Sohn

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