an-objective-reproducible-test-olfactory-learning-discrimination

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

Olfaction is the predominant sensory modality in mice and influences many important behaviors, including foraging, predator detection, mating, and ...

imaging-quantification-intact-neuronal-dendrites-via-clarity-tissue

Imaging and Quantification of Intact Neuronal Dendrites via CLARITY Tissue Clearing

Brain activity, the electrochemical signals passed between neurons, is determined by the connectivity patterns of neuronal networks, and from the ...

Baylor College of Medicine

A heartbreaking pleasure.

Sensory stimulation leads to structural changes within the CNS (Central Nervous System), thus providing the fundamental mechanism for learning and memory. The olfactory circuit offers a unique model for studying experience-dependent plasticity, partly due to a continuous supply of integrating adult born neurons. Our lab has recently implemented an olfactory cued learning paradigm in which specific odor pairs are coupled to either a reward or punishment to study downstream circuit changes. The following protocol outlines the basic set up for our learning paradigm. Here, we describe the equipment setup, programming of software, and method of behavioral training.

Olfactory Cued Learning Paradigm.

Gain-of-function mutations in the beta-catenin gene (  ) drive genomic instability within different cancers. However, it is unclear whether alterations in beta-catenin signaling can still lead to chromosomal rearrangements in neoplasms without metastatic potential. Here, we report a unique case, whereby a desmoid tumor of the scalp contains a missense mutation in  . This mutation is located at the T41 phosphorylation site-previously reported to be necessary for proper beta-catenin degradation. Online database analysis then revealed that our mutation is likely causative of many different cancers and also absent in the healthy public. Karyotyping of the desmoid tumor cells then showed complex chromosomal changes in 16 out of 20 cells examined. To treat this patient, we surgically removed both the neoplasm and underlying calvarium and then successfully reconstructed the skull and scalp. Taken together, our data suggest that increased beta-catenin signaling can lead to genomic instability in the absence of metastatic potential.

Beta-Catenin Mutation with Complex Chromosomal Changes in Desmoid Tumor of the Scalp: A Case Report.

Inhibitory interneurons are integral to sensory processing, yet revealing their cell type-specific roles in sensory circuits remains an ongoing focus. To Investigate the mouse olfactory system, we selectively remove GABAergic transmission from a subset of olfactory bulb interneurons, EPL interneurons (EPL-INs), and assay odor responses from their downstream synaptic partners - tufted cells and mitral cells. Using a combination of in vivo electrophysiological and imaging analyses, we find that inactivating this single node of inhibition leads to differential effects in magnitude, reliability, tuning width, and temporal dynamics between the two principal neurons. Furthermore, tufted and not mitral cell responses to odor mixtures become more linearly predictable without EPL-IN inhibition. Our data suggest that olfactory bulb interneurons, through exerting distinct inhibitory functions onto their different synaptic partners, play a significant role in the processing of odor information.

Target specific functions of EPL interneurons in olfactory circuits.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the gold-standard psychotherapeutic treatment for pediatric negative valence disorders. However, some youths do not respond optimally to treatment, which may be due to variations in neural functioning.

ArticleTotal : 2	Year
Publication title Cited by 7	2018
Publication title Cited by 1	2021

Article	Year
A heartbreaking pleasure. International journal of cardiology\| PubMed ID: 26666345	2016
Olfactory Cued Learning Paradigm. Bio-protocol\| PubMed ID: 28752111	2017
Beta-Catenin Mutation with Complex Chromosomal Changes in Desmoid Tumor of the Scalp: A Case Report. Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction\| PubMed ID: 31073365	2019
Target specific functions of EPL interneurons in olfactory circuits. Nature communications\| PubMed ID: 31358754	2019
Neural correlates of cognitive behavioral therapy response in youth with negative valence disorders: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of affective disorders\| PubMed ID: 33601708	2021

Gary Liu

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