utilization-ultrasound-guided-tissue-directed-cellular-implantation

Utilization of Ultrasound Guided Tissue-directed Cellular Implantation for the Establishment of Biologically Relevant Metastatic Tumor Xenografts

Preclinical testing of anticancer therapies relies on relevant xenograft models that mimic the innate tendencies of cancer. Advantages of standard ...

The University of Michigan Medical School

The role of US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) of thyroid nodules is not well-established in children.

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of pediatric thyroid nodules.

Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that can lead to intestinal strictures. The presence of fibrosis within strictures alters optimal management but is not reliably detected by current imaging methods.

MR enterography-histology comparison in resected pediatric small bowel Crohn disease strictures: can imaging predict fibrosis?

There is a paucity of published literature describing ultrasound (US)-US and US-MR enterography (MRE) inter-radiologist agreement in pediatric small bowel Crohn disease.

Prospective cohort study of ultrasound-ultrasound and ultrasound-MR enterography agreement in the evaluation of pediatric small bowel Crohn disease.

A paucity of literature describes the use of imaged-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy for the diagnosis and characterization of pediatric soft-tissue masses and lesions.

Image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of soft-tissue masses in the pediatric population.

Renal and urinary tract imaging is commonly performed in the pediatric population, particularly in the setting of suspected or known congenital anomalies. In most cases, adequate anatomic assessment can be achieved using ultrasound and fluoroscopic techniques, and evaluation of differential renal function and urinary tract drainage can be accomplished with renal scintigraphy. However, in a subset of children, anatomic or functional questions may remain after this routine evaluation. In this setting, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tailored to evaluate the kidneys and urinary tract, known as MR urography (MRU), can be used to depict the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder in detail and to determine differential renal function and assess urinary tract drainage. The objectives of this review article are to (1) describe pediatric-specific MRI techniques for assessment of the kidneys and urinary tract and (2) present common clinical applications for pediatric MRU where imaging can "add value" in terms of diagnosis and patient management.

MR urography in children and adolescents: techniques and clinical applications.

MR enterography (MRE) is increasingly vital to the diagnosis and follow-up of children with Crohn disease. This diagnostic test, which can provide valuable information regarding the presence of intestinal inflammation, intestinal and intra-abdominal complications, and extra-intestinal disease-related manifestations, has the potential to directly impact both medical and surgical decision-making. Consequently, it is imperative that the interpretation and reporting of these examinations provide as much clinical information as possible. This article reviews specific ways radiologists can provide added value when interpreting MRE examinations in the setting of pediatric Crohn disease by (1) establishing the true extent of disease involvement, (2) subjectively and objectively assessing response to medical treatment and (3) accurately characterizing disease-related complications. 

MR enterography: how to deliver added value.

Little is known about changes in the imaging appearances of the bowel and mesentery over time in either pediatric or adult patients with newly diagnosed small bowel Crohn disease treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-α) therapy.

Defining the ultrasound longitudinal natural history of newly diagnosed pediatric small bowel Crohn disease treated with infliximab and infliximab-azathioprine combination therapy.

The normal peritoneal structures, including the mesenteries and the omenta, are only a few cell layers thick and are visible on imaging based upon the tissues (e.g., fat) and structures (e.g., blood vessels and lymph nodes) contained within them. These structures become more visible and change in appearance when involved by pathological processes. In this pictorial essay, we discuss the normal anatomy of the various abdominopelvic peritoneal structures and illustrate numerous developmental and acquired diagnoses that involve these structures in the pediatric and young adult population.

Imaging of the pediatric peritoneum, mesentery and omentum.

The incidence of primary (i.e. essential) hypertension in children and adolescents is increasing; however, secondary hypertension, with an identifiable cause, remains relatively common and might be treatable or even curable. Renovascular hypertension is an uncommon but important secondary cause of hypertension in the pediatric population that can be associated with substantial morbidity. In this article we discuss renin-mediated causes of hypertension in children and related complications, review renal Doppler ultrasound techniques for the evaluation of renin-mediated hypertension (including both direct and indirect assessments), and briefly appraise the literature pertaining to renal Doppler ultrasound and the assessment of pediatric hypertension. Finally, we describe a proposed role for renal Doppler ultrasound in the workup of suspected renin-mediated hypertension in children and adolescents.

Ultrasound imaging of renin-mediated hypertension.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are increasingly used to quantify and monitor liver tissue characteristics including fat fraction, stiffness, and liver volume. The purpose of this study was to assess the inter-relationships between multiple quantitative liver metrics and patient-specific factors in a large pediatric cohort with known or suspected fatty liver disease.

Quantitative MRI of fatty liver disease in a large pediatric cohort: correlation between liver fat fraction, stiffness, volume, and patient-specific factors.

Advances in cancer therapeutics depend on reliable in vivo model systems. To develop biologically relevant xenografts, ultrasound was utilized for tissue-directed implantation of neuroblastoma (NB) cell line and patient-derived tumors in the adrenal gland, and for renal subcapsular engraftment of Ewing's sarcoma (ES).

Tissue-directed Implantation Using Ultrasound Visualization for Development of Biologically Relevant Metastatic Tumor Xenografts.

Reticuloendothelial system MRI signal hypointensity is common in pediatric oncology patients with solid abdominal tumors.

Change in liver, spleen and bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity over time in children with solid abdominal tumors.

The incidence of pediatric nephrolithiasis in the United States is increasing. There is a paucity of literature comparing the diagnostic performance of computed ultrasound (US) to tomography (CT) in the pediatric population.

Comparison of ultrasound versus computed tomography for the detection of kidney stones in the pediatric population: a clinical effectiveness study.

Hematuria is the presence of red blood cells in the urine, either visible to the eye (macroscopic hematuria) or as viewed under the microscope (microscopic hematuria). The clinical evaluation of children and adolescents with any form of hematuria begins with a meticulous history and thorough evaluation of the urine. The need for imaging evaluation depends on the clinical scenario in which hematuria presents, including the suspected etiology. Ultrasound and CT are the most common imaging methods used to assess hematuria in children, although other imaging modalities may be appropriate in certain instances. This review focuses on the following clinical variations of childhood hematuria: isolated hematuria (nonpainful, nontraumatic, and microscopic versus macroscopic), painful hematuria (ie, suspected nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis), and renal trauma with hematuria (microscopic versus macroscopic). The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.

Article	Year
Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of pediatric thyroid nodules. Pediatric radiology\| PubMed ID: 26554855	2016
MR enterography-histology comparison in resected pediatric small bowel Crohn disease strictures: can imaging predict fibrosis? Pediatric radiology\| PubMed ID: 26638000	2016
Prospective cohort study of ultrasound-ultrasound and ultrasound-MR enterography agreement in the evaluation of pediatric small bowel Crohn disease. Pediatric radiology\| PubMed ID: 26718197	2016
Image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of soft-tissue masses in the pediatric population. Pediatric radiology\| PubMed ID: 26914937	2016
MR urography in children and adolescents: techniques and clinical applications. Abdominal radiology (New York)\| PubMed ID: 26915088	2016
MR enterography: how to deliver added value. Pediatric radiology\| PubMed ID: 26939974	2016
Defining the ultrasound longitudinal natural history of newly diagnosed pediatric small bowel Crohn disease treated with infliximab and infliximab-azathioprine combination therapy. Pediatric radiology\| PubMed ID: 28421251	2017
Imaging of the pediatric peritoneum, mesentery and omentum. Pediatric radiology\| PubMed ID: 28646385	2017
Ultrasound imaging of renin-mediated hypertension. Pediatric radiology\| PubMed ID: 28779201	2017
Quantitative MRI of fatty liver disease in a large pediatric cohort: correlation between liver fat fraction, stiffness, volume, and patient-specific factors. Abdominal radiology (New York)\| PubMed ID: 28828531	2018
Tissue-directed Implantation Using Ultrasound Visualization for Development of Biologically Relevant Metastatic Tumor Xenografts. In vivo (Athens, Greece)\| PubMed ID: 28882943	2017
Change in liver, spleen and bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity over time in children with solid abdominal tumors. Pediatric radiology\| PubMed ID: 29260287	2018
Comparison of ultrasound versus computed tomography for the detection of kidney stones in the pediatric population: a clinical effectiveness study. Pediatric radiology\| PubMed ID: 29476214	2018
ACR Appropriateness Criteria Hematuria-Child. Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR\| PubMed ID: 29724430	2018

Jonathan R. Dillman

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